打出差異：原住民棒球夢的現實與虛幻

Playing baseball, manufacturing differences: The reality and illusion of indigenous baseball dreams

臺灣原住民參與棒球運動比例如此之高，主要源自歷史發展脈絡、社會文化積澱、教育和訓練體制的因素。本文探究原住民棒球夢的發展圖像，反思它如何成為再生產族群形象的文化媒介，分析棒球運動如何導致原住民社會流動的差異軌跡？本研究超越運動作為社會流動的視野，從運動作為自我實現和社會存續的觀點切入，針對原住民球隊採取民族誌、深度訪談和問卷調查等多元研究方法。研究發現：第一，打球圓夢的代間契約，形塑原住民球員社會行動的意向性，強化其擁有天生優勢的棒球認同，而社會支持網絡更維繫集體圓夢的再生產。第二，在運動升遷的機會結構中，原住民球員的社會流動呈現出兩種分殊化路徑－運動專業化的路徑、狹窄化的替代選項。第三，原住民球員競爭限量的運動升遷機會，造成謀職類聚和社會堆疊。原住民透過打棒球追求機會有限的圓夢果實，然而，卻在競逐升遷的過程中打造出社會分工的族群差異，被淘汰的夢碎者擁抱下一個取代棒球夢的職涯選項，創造出原住民球員所肯認和追求的差異未來。

Taiwan indigenous people’s high participation rate in baseball stems from the historical development of baseball, the impact of socio-cultural factors, and the effects of the education and disciplinary regime. This article explores the development context of indigenous baseball dreams, reflects on how baseball has become the cultural medium for the reproduction of ethnic images for the indigenous people, and analyzes how baseball provides different tracks of social mobility to the indigenous baseball players. This research looks beyond the premise of sports as a means to social mobility and instead looks from the viewpoint of sports as a path to self-fulfillment and social sustaining by conducting a multi-perspective approach that includes ethnography investigations, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire survey focusing on indigenous baseball teams. This study has found that: (1) Dreams of playing baseball are like contracts between generations that shape the intention of social actions between indigenous baseball players and strengthen their own innate superiority of identity, while social support networks further maintain the reproduction of these collective dreams; (2) Within the sports promotion opportunity structure, there are two distinct social mobility paths presented for indigenous baseball players - the road towards a professional career, or limited alternatives and options; and (3) Indigenous baseball players compete for limited vacancy and career promotions, resulting in an occupational homogeneity of ethnic trend and social stacking effects amongst indigenous people. The indigenous people pursue through baseball the limited opportunities to the fruition of their dreams, but the competitive process results in ethnic differences in social division of labor. Those who have their dreams shattered embrace the next option to replace their dreams of playing baseball; as a result, the indigenous baseball players are willing to recognize the differences between their original dreams and other options and then purse different futures.