論制定住宅租賃專法之必要性

On the Necessity of Residential Tenancies Act

弱勢民眾大都租屋賃居，但所租的房子常是違章建築、居住品質不佳，而且，不啻惡房東事件頻傳，一般房東也常有侵害房客權益之情事；此外，也有惡房客之敗德惡行，讓出租人遭受財產損失，也增加請求返還房屋之困擾；相對的也致使多屋族不願將空閒房屋提供出租，導致空屋率不斷追高。為健全租賃市場，保護租賃雙方權益，本文分別檢視現有民法債編（租賃專節）及土地法關於租賃規定，對照先進國家的立法例，發現民法偏向於出租人權益之保障，已與世界潮流不符；而土地法雖著重承租權之保護，又因時空遞嬗、長久未予檢討修正，顯得不切實際。因此，為彰顯國家對於弱勢者居住權之維護、改善租賃環境、確保雙方權益，誠有制定租賃專法之必要。

Underprivileged people often live in rented houses, mostly illegal buildings with unsatisfactory living qualities. Landlords will violates the rights of their tenants, and vice versa. Therefore, landlords are less wiiling to rent vacant houses, causing vacant rates to soar. To create a better lease market and protect both the landlords and the tenants, this article reviews the Section of Lease under Civil Code as well as the Land Act. After comparing with legislations in advanced countries, we can find the incumbent policy in Civil Code, which protects tenants more, is already outdated. Besides, although the Land Act emphasizes the right to lease, this bill has been impractical due to lack of amendments. Therefore, to address the housing right of the underprivileged, improve emvironment for leasing and ensure both partiesrights and interests, it is necessary to draft a specific law for lease.