荷蘭殖民時代麻六甲城的空間解讀

Spatial Interpretation of Malacca City in the Dutch Colonial Age

伴隨著海上絲路的建立，麻六甲曾經是東南亞、東亞與南亞商人進行海上交易的重要港埠。自從16世紀以來，它先後成為葡萄牙、荷蘭以及英國的殖民城市。這些歐洲殖民者多少都曾留下開發痕跡，不過就現在的麻六甲而言，荷蘭人的空間計畫與設施開發建構了關鍵性基礎，並形塑了這座城市。本研究的目標在於透過荷蘭時代的歷史圖像分析來解說麻六甲在兩個多世紀前的空間格局。鑒於臺灣社會對這座城市並非很熟悉，本文首先將針對它的獨特歷史背景進行扼要敘述。接著，本文會配合這座城市在空間上分為兩部份的事實，分別針對主城與外城兩個分區進行論述。然後，本文會進一步從外來敵人的防禦、內部治安的掌控、以及船運作業的整合等三方面的觀點，來解讀麻六甲城的空間佈局，來探討荷蘭人的殖民城市規劃策略。

Following the establishment of the Maritime Silk Route, Malacca was a very important trade port for merchants from Southeast, East, and South Asia. Since 16th century it became a Portuguese, Dutch, and British colony in succession. To some extent, all of these European rulers had left behind their legacies in Malacca, but the spatial layout and infrastructure established by the Dutch have laid the crucial foundation and shaped the present day Malacca. Our aim is to analyze Dutch old maps to interpret the spatial layout of Malacca that was more than two centuries ago. In view of the unfamiliarity of Taiwanese society with Malacca, we first attempt to briefly elaborate on the historical background of Malacca. Then, in accordance with the fact that the old city was clearly divided in two different areas, we separately interpret Malacca’s spatial context in two parts, namely, the main city and the outer city. Further, we discuss the layout of the old Malacca and tactics for the Dutch colonial city planning from three viewpoints: defense against alien enemy, control of internal security, and integration of shipping operations.