健康權再認識──論健康權的民事、社會和政治權利屬性

Civil, Social and Political Rights: the Attributes of Right to Health ─A theory Study Based on General Comment No. 14

為了完善中國大陸公民健康相關法律制度，以關於健康權的國際人權法文件為基礎，從私法、公法和社會法三個維度，採用「法（學）與社會政策」、「健康權與衛生體系」多學科研究方法，並輔以實證分析，對健康權的屬性再探討。健康權是一項具有民事權利、社會權利和政治權利三重屬性的公民基本權利；這種三重性有其產生的原因和理論根據，對於法制建設各有其獨特含義。健康權這種「三維」理論觀點，提示我們需要從健康權的民事權利、社會權利和政治權利的屬性出發，思考健康權對基本醫療衛生制度立法建設，對於發展中國大陸憲法學、社會法學、衛生法學和制度醫學的認識論價值。

For the aim of perfecting the health related legal regimes, and taking international human right related to the right to health as a basis, the paper, from the three angles of private law, public law and social law, explores the attributes of right to health by adopting the multi-disciplines methods of ‘law(jurisprudence) and social policy’ as well as ‘right to health and health system’, supplementing with empirical analysis. The right to health is citizen’s a fundamental right with three different attributes: civil right, social right and political right; and there are causes and theory basis for the three attributes, which have specific implications for development of Chinese legal system. The advancing of the ‘three attributes’ theory of right to health prompts us, starting from the ‘three attributes’, to ponder its value in epistemology for the improvement of China’s health system and its basic legislations, and for the development of the constitutional law, social law and medical law in China.