Insomnia, one of the most common subjective sleep symptoms, not only disturbs the quality of patients’ life but may even lead to disability. Long-term insomnia without appropriate treatment is especially prone to cause mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases. All these make insomnia a disorder worth in-depth exploration. Spielman et al. introduced the easy-to-understand and now classic 3P model of insomnia identifying the following three groups of factors: 1. Predisposing factors (personal traits raising susceptibility to insomnia); 2. Precipitating factors (events causing insomnia); and 3. Perpetuating factors (factors maintaining or even exacerbating insomnia). The first two P’s are equivalent to biopsychosocial (BPS) factors, and the last one to coping strategy. In order to accentuate the need for simultaneous consideration of both stress and resource, the study proposes to improve the 3P model of insomnia by using the stress-resource/coping (SR/C) model diagram that examines the biopsychospiritosocial (BPSS, an extension of BPS with the addition of spirituality) aspects of an illness. The concepts of Tai Chi Yin Yang and health wheel have also been integrated into the proposed approach, together with use of the dynamic seesaw fulcrum to represent coping strategies. Compared to the 3P model, the SR/C model diagram can be expected to render the classification more intuitive and easily understandable as well as to expand the range of its applications, including for teaching residents in holistic medicine.
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