We conducted a retrospective study using a dialysis-related database system to collect laboratory reports and the background information of subject patients. The dialysis patients were also divided into two groups, namely survival and non-survival. Cluster analysis was then performed to identify the significant characteristics for each group of patients. The results revealed that the characteristics of non-survival patients fell into either of the sets: (1) aged over 60, female, diabetic, blood flow of 250 ml/min, receiving dialysis 3 times a week, activity score was less than 50, and using ultra pure dialysis; and (2) aged over 60, male, nondiabetic, blood flow of 250 ml/min, receiving dialysis 3 times a week, activity score was less than 70, and using ultra-pure dialysis. This article will hopefully provide nursing personnel with a reference for future clinical care.