回顧國內嬰幼氣質研究，從1980至2011年，期刊和碩士論文有106篇。其中從1997年後，每隔5年，約增加20篇，尤其2006年後，有較高幅度的成長。探究議題廣泛，其中探討氣質與家庭系統的篇數較多，在方法上，自2003年後，才出現多元的研究取向。至於在嬰幼兒氣質的研究結果可分兩主軸論述：主軸一為橫斷研究，在氣質與生物機制的研究，篇數極少，卻發現抑制幼兒右額葉腦波較活化，皮質醇濃度高，在家庭系統的研究，多數發現氣質和主要照顧者的教養是相互影響，在學校系統的研究上，氣質會直接和間接影響幼兒社會能力和學業成就；主軸二為縱貫研究，幼兒氣質的發展會因外在環境影響而有變化，至於幼兒氣質會間接影響未來發展內外化問題，但因篇數少，追蹤時間短，其解釋是有限的。未來的研究方向，建議國人應重視從生理機制探索氣質、成立跨領域的研究及實務社群、重視嬰幼兒氣質的長期追蹤、建構氣質和心理病理關聯、重新檢視行為抑制在國內定位，以及建構國人的氣質理論。

This paper reviews temperament research on infants and young children in Taiwan from 1980 to 2011, which consists of 106 published and unpublished papers. The studies increased steadily from 1997 and a growing interest was especially salient after 2006. The studies focused primarily on normal infants examining influences from various aspects of biological, familial, and social systems. Most studies implemented quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. Biological findings showed that inhibited children had right frontal activation asymmetry and a higher salivary cortisol level. Other findings indicated that child temperament was influenced by caretakers and temperament affected social behavior and academic performance. Few longitudinal studies have found that temperament stability affected children’s socializing behavior. The review suggests that in addition to long-term temperament tracking and further investigations of the role of behavioral inhibitions, future research should focus on physiological aspects, inter-disciplinary designs, and the relationships between temperament and psychopathology.