文學、歷史與回憶：龍應台的《大江大海一九四九》與賈西亞‧蒙德羅的《明日非天意所願》

Literature, History & Memory: Big River, Big Sea – Untold Stories of 1949 of Lung Ying-tai & Tomorrow Will Not Be What God May Want of García Montero

台灣知名作家、也是現今的文化部長龍應台於2009年出版的《大江大海一九四九》，藉由對其子講述自己的身世來歷，觸及對其父母的記憶。甚至，基於對父母書寫傳記的方式，搜尋史料，重新挖掘已模糊卻充滿痛苦的記憶。正如作者本人所言：「我能夠敘說的，是多麼的微小啊，再怎麼努力也只能給你半截山水，不是全幅寫真」(2009:16)。於是，隨著她對歷史記憶的書寫，再次重現戰火時代中的年輕人，或被國家感動，或被理想激勵、或被貧窮境遇所壓，承受戰爭的無情及生離死別的心傷。
西班牙詩人及文學評論家賈西亞‧蒙德羅，在其替西班牙詩人安赫爾‧龔薩雷斯(Ángel González)立傳的《明日非天意所願》一書中，以幽默帶有詩意的風格，刻劃龔薩雷斯在襁褓時期即失怙，在內戰時期及之後，因兄長支持共和黨，一被殺害，一流亡海外，姐姐也因此謀職不成，導致家中經濟困厄。在如此艱難的環境下，龔薩雷斯始終對文學保持高度的熱忱。賈西亞‧蒙德羅在此書中，突顯歷史傳記的敘事風格，在小說揉合戲劇的架構中，藉由記憶書寫人物的歷史，以表達文人的社會責任與道德反思。
龍應台的《大江大海一九四九》與蒙德羅《明日非天意所願》皆以歷史記憶的方式，藉由為其父母或為西班牙詩人立傳的方式，寫出時代的悲歌，因此本計劃探討龍應台與蒙德羅如何在文本裡，讓作者、敘述者、他者之間的關係交互作用，以敘事想像交織真實的歷史事件。

Lung Ying-tai is a Taiwanese essayist and cultural critic who currently serves as the Minister of Culture of the Republic of China. In 2009, she published Big River, Big Sea – Untold Stories of 1949, in which she narrated the biography of her parents and the painful history of those “losers” by the Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) between the Nationalist Party (The Kuomintang) and the Communist Party. Based on the biography of her parents, she also excavated the stories of those refugees who fill with the muddy and suffering memories. Therefore, by her writing of the historical memory, she represents the suffering and the sadness of those young people who, during the war, were touched by their country, or were initiated by their ideals, or were stressed by the poverty.
Luis García Montero, the Spanish poet and literature critic, published in 2009 Tomorrow Will Not Be What God May Want. This novel is a biography about the Spanish poet Ángel González. This novel-biography, filled with the poetic and humorous style, describes that Ángel González’s brothers and friends suffered from the murder or exile as result of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). But in front of the difficult circumstances, this poet didn´t lose his interest in the literature. In this novel, based on the memory of Ángel González and using the biography narrative style, García Montero not only describes the stories of those characters, but also reflects the social responsibility and the moral reflection of the writers.
According to the above-mentioned statement, the two writers present the historical details through the memories of two biographical characters. Therefore, based on textual analysis, the purpose of this research aims to study how both writers portray the individual memory and the collective memory to reproduce the turbulent societies of China/ Taiwan and Spain during the decades of 1930-1950; nevertheless, it also will analyze how they represent history by describing the discontinuity of the temporal structure of the memory.