風險管制與程序正義：風力發電機設置爭議   全文下載

Risk Regulations and Procedural Justice: The Controversy on the Construction of Wind Turbines

近年來地方反對風力發電機設置的抗爭事件層出不窮，尤以苗栗縣苑裡鎮「反瘋車」行動最受矚目，反映了綠能政策推動和社會認知與價值之間的鴻溝。本研究旨在探究風機設置之風險管制所牽涉的科學知識爭論和程序正義問題。本研究呈現不同政策行動者的風險論述與知識宣稱，以及現行環境影響評估制度與管制法規的缺失。風力發電業者強調再生能源的重要性及該計畫對地方上的效益；居民與反對行動聯盟則質疑風機與民宅距離過近、風機運轉的低頻噪音對健康和生活品質的危害。業者與反對聯盟各自引用科學研究報告作為立論根據並駁斥對方的知識宣稱，風機設置計畫反映了資訊不充分、「該做而未做的科學研究」，且未能落實「知情同意」原則。在地居民以多元和非暴力的行動向外界表達其價值主張，並在風機設置預定地持續推動「苑裡草根人民論壇」，嘗試連結廣大社群利益並形塑公共論述。相關權責管制機關有必要致力於制度變革，將公民社會的能量整合至政策發展；建構參與式科技影響評估機制，強化民間團體與社區居民參與在風機設置運轉的科學知識生產和管制規則制定。

Local opposition to wind turbine construction projects evinces the gap between green energy policies and local perceptions and social values. This study examined knowledge disputes in risk regulations and the problem of procedural justice regarding the wind turbine construction project in Yuanli Township, Miaoli County. This study indicated that the discourses and risk perceptions differ among policy actors. The wind energy firm responsible for constructing the turbines stressed the importance of renewable energy and the benefits of the development project, whereas local residents and activists were concerned with the proximity of the turbines to their homes, worrying that low-frequency noise produced by the machines may negatively affect their health and quality of life. The wind energy firm and the opposition coalition cited scientific reports as their argument bases and refuted each other’s knowledge claims. This wind turbine construction project reflects the problem of insufficient information and “undone science” as well as failure to implement the informed consent principle. Relevant authorities must provide funding for research on the long-term health risks of wind turbines and promote citizen participation in the knowledge production of impact assessments as well as the processes of regulatory policymaking.