觀光旅遊活動對旅遊目的地之衝擊—以屏東小琉球地區為例

近年來，政府大力推廣國民旅遊，屏東小琉球因特殊的地形、生態與離島風情受到大多數國人的青睞，但近年來觀光發展過於快速，觀光到訪人數大增，遠遠超過當地業者與生態能負荷的人數，因此，觀光發展帶來觀光財的同時，也為當地帶來了觀光衝擊。
本研究之主要目的在探討小琉球居民對觀光衝擊的認知，利用問卷調查的方式來獲取所需的資料，所得有效問卷137份，希望藉由本研究來探討不同居民特性對於觀光衝擊之認知及對觀光發展影響之認知與態度，期望促使當地居民、地方政府與外地遊客能更重視小琉球的觀光資源，讓小琉球的觀光產業能夠永續經營。研究結果顯示，有參與地方社團的居民及家中從事觀光相關服務業之居民，對於觀光正向衝擊之認知顯著高於未參與或從事之居民，並且較支持地方觀光發展；未參與地方社團的居民及家中未從事觀光相關服務業之居民，則較容易感受到觀光之負面衝擊。最後，依據研究結果提出結論與建議，提供管理及後續研究之參考。

Recently, the governments make great effort to promote domestic tourism. Owing to that Liuqiu owns specific landforms, ecology and culture of islands, large number of visitors tend to choose Liuqiu as their destination. However, the tourism developed too fast that the number of the visitors is over the load of local dealers and ecology. Therefore, the development of tourism not only increased the profit of the locals, but also caused tourism impacts.
The main purpose of this research is to explore the residents’ cognitions of tourism impacts in Liuqiu. The study conducted the survey via questionnaires. The study obtained 137 valid samples. Specifically, this research hopes to understand whether residents’ characteristics influence on their cognitions on tourism impacts and attitudes of tourism development, so that to awake the considerations from the local people, government and visitors on tourism resources of Liuqiu for sustainable development. The research results reveal that residents who participate on local institutions and residents who involve in tourism related industries were more supportive to tourism development and perceive positive cognitions on tourism impacts than those who do not. Finally, suggestions were made for management and future researches according to the results.