臺灣高等教育學程證書薪資效果之研究

The Wage Premium of the Credits Program in Higher Education in Taiwan

專業學程之設計為我國高教機構培育多元人才的重要方式，本文利用「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫後續調查：教育與勞力市場的連結」，以追蹤資料隨機效果模型研究各不同種類學程證書與薪資之關係。為維持追蹤資料的樣本數，迴歸模型未包含家庭背景與能力之衡量變數但控制個人效果。結果發現，不論發證的高教機構類別、就業初期或較長期，雙主修學位證書與薪資均具有顯著正向關係；與其他條件相同者相較，擁有雙主修學位者平均高出24% 的薪資。不過，薪資水準與雙主修正相關之程度，視發證機構、就職之產業及公司規模而不同—公立大專校院高於私立學校、公部門就業者高於私部門、製造業高於服務業、中小型企業高於大型企業。教育學程證書的薪資溢酬在初就業較明顯；就業時間稍長後，輔系證書與薪資亦呈正相關。但無證據顯示，其他的學分學程證書與薪資具正向關係。根據研究結果，本研究針對學程規劃方向提出具體建議，作為相關制度設計之參考。推廣與協助青年學子選讀並順利完成雙主修學位，可能是跨領域技能培養制度值得強調的方向。凸顯不同種類學程證書的特點，以及針對不同學程證書進行學習成效多面向評估，審視其與市場需求之關聯，可能亦是值得思考的問題。

In recent years, higher education institutions in Taiwan have enthusiastically engaged in offering various credits programs to the youngsters in response to labor market needs, such as the needs for professional and/or interdisciplinary skills. This paper employs the panel data from Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond and uses the panel data regression for study, aiming to investigate the relationship between credits program and wages. Although variables measuring family backgrounds and personal abilities are not included in the model for the sake of larger samples for analysis, the panel random effect model controls individual-specific effect. A positive relationship between wages and double major degrees is found. The result is quite robust, in spite of the types of institution issuing the certificate and labor market experience. The estimated wage premium for a double major degree is about 24%, being higher if the degree is offered by public school. People with double major degrees working at medium- and small-sized firms, manufacturing, and public sectors are paid higher than otherwise similar workers. The relationship between wages and a teacher-education certification is positive when people just entering the labor markets. Wages and a minor degree becomes positively related if people are of certain employment experiences. However, no exact relationship has been found for the rest of the credits programs. As a consequence, promoting and assisting college students to successfully complete a dual major degree may be a direction worthy of attention in the cross-field skills training system. Highlighting the characteristics of different types of credits program certificates, conducting multifaceted assessments, and examining their relevance to market demand may also be worth considering.