跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定勞工專章對臺灣之影響——兼論美國立場所扮演之角色

Promotion of Worker Rights in the CPTPP artnership Agreement— With Special Reference to Its Impact on Taiwan and the Role Played by the United States

本論文以跨太平洋夥伴全面進步協定之談判與簽訂為背景，探討我國如果希望參與此一多邊自由貿易協定之第二輪談判時，針對該協定第19 勞工專章之相關規定，所應採取之各類作為。除序言及結語外，全論文共分四個主要部分：第一部分說明此一協定之演進過程及實質影響，並簡略探討參與此一多邊協定對我國之重要性。第二部分闡敘此一協定第19 勞工專章之重要條款。第三部分分析美國過去藉由談判多邊及雙邊自由貿易協定時，對此一專章中所列舉之五項重要基本勞動人權，即：結社自由與團體協商之權利；強迫勞動之禁止；童工之禁絕；就業歧視之禁止；以及可接受工作條件之強化等所採取之立場，並針對它歷年來對我國違反這些重要勞動人權之各項質疑批判加以說明，藉以在第四部分提出我國在改革勞動法制及措施方面所應採取之因應之道，除一方面得以符合此一重要多邊自由貿易協定之要求外，另一方面嗣後在與美日諸國談判雙邊之自由貿易協定時，亦不致遭遇困難阻礙。更重要的是，亦可藉此增進本國勞工之基本權利及一般福祉，並突顯國際社會在這方面排除我國參與之不公不義現象，堪稱是一兼得數利之舉。

The purpose of this paper is to use the negotiation and signing of the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) as a background, to analyze if Taiwan wants to engage in the second-round of negotiation to join this important regional trade pact, what kinds of reform measures it has to proceed in order to conform to the requirements listed in Chapter 19 of that Agreement concerning labor matters. Aside from introductory and concluding remarks, the paper is divided into four sections. First, it briefly describes the historical background and motivations behind the CPTPP, and the importance of Taiwanese participation. Second, it discusses the important provisions of Chapter 19. Third, it analyzes the positions taken by the United States in promoting five fundamental worker right contained in Chapter 19 of the CPTPP, i.e., the promotion of rights to organize and bargain collectively; the prohibition of forced labor; the elimination of child labor; the termination of employment discrimination, and the strengthing of acceptable working conditions. It also details why and how the U.S. government has raised these issues in international trade, investment and other related activities to safeguard its domestic labor. Finally, the paper utilizes various critiques contained in the annual State Department’s Country Reports on Human Rights Practices as a base to propose several measures for Taiwan to initiate as required by the CPTPP. It concludes that these reforms not only improve labor rights domestically, but also upgrade Taiwan’s labor laws and practices to international standards.