容不下文化準公地的都市治理？臺北市補缺型藝文空間的困局

Are Cultural Quasi-Commons Excluded by Urban Governance? The Dilemma of Prosthetic Art and Cultural Space in Taipei

「補缺型藝文空間」乃彌補官方設施不足的小型藝文場地，並因其 社交網絡與創意育成效果而具有「文化準公地」特質。這類空間多採複 合商業模式以填補低迷的藝文消費需求，也受限於租金、市場及官方 治理框架。作者基於文獻分析，佐以個案訪談和觀察，討論這類藝文 空間的困局。首先，作者描述臺北市複合型展演空間的演變，以及隨 著社會變遷、公安事件及晚近文化策略而更迭的政策措施。接著，作 者彙整商業登記、都市計畫管制、消防建管等法規，描繪補缺型藝文 空間如何陷落於難以契合的多重治理框架，以及不同單位的差異政策 之間。酒類供應既是促成準公地交流氣氛的媒介，也是引發管制的癥 結。在降低成本、接近藝文市場而立足住宅街區卻缺乏合法身分時， 補缺型藝文空間容易因居民檢舉而難以經營。作者主張，即使這類場 所可以在治理縫隙中求生，仍應構築更彈性且易於遵循的治理模式以 利發展。

'Prosthetic art and cultural space'' refers to venues for art and cultural activities that work to compensate for the insufficiency of official facilities. These venues tend to act as ''quasi-commons'' due to the social networks associated with them, and they tend to help cultivate new artistic or cultural groups. These spaces usually adopt a multi-sided business model that earns revenue from non-cultural and art activities to compensate for the low demand of such market, and are also much hindered by renting, the market, and the framework of governance. Through literature analysis, as well as field observation and in-depth interviews, we discuss the conundrum faced by these prosthetic venues. We will firstly review the vicissitude of the performance venues in Taipei that operate in multi-sided ways, and show how relevant policies and measures have been changing along with societal conditions,concerns of public security, and the recent focus on cultural strategies. We then juxtapose the official rules of business registration, urban planning, fire prevention and control, and regulation on buildings to highlight how the prosthetic art and cultural space is ill-fit with the current multiple framework of governance as well as the differed policies between departments. In particular, alcohol is both the catalyst for quasi-commons and the crux that triggers the intervention of official regulation. While concerns of cost and a desire to stay close with the artistic niche market have gathered the prosthetic space in given residential areas, these venues also become illegalized and hence prone to be reported, which puts their sustentation under threat. We argue that, while these spaces manage to survive within the fractures of governance, a more flexible and easy to abide governance pattern should still be constructed for their better development.