基本權第三人效力理論於我國法院之實踐──從法律經濟分析及適用利益衡量的觀察

The Practice of the Third-party Effectiveness Theory of Basic Rights in Taiwan’s Courts: From the Perspective of Legal Economic Analysis and Applicable Benefit Assessment

我國基本權第三人效力理論是繼受於德國法，我國憲法學者對此理論的介紹，多僅限於外國法的介紹。對於我國法院實務適用此理論之實踐，國內學說少有研究與討論。鑑於資本主義及全球化之崛起，社會權力對個人基本權侵害之威脅逐漸擴大，實不亞於國家權力的侵害。此理論於我國法院實際適用的情形，應有更深入了解的必要。本文依所蒐集之法院判決，就當事人私法爭執主張基本權第三人效力的類型分析，區分為具契約關係爭議與不具契約關係爭議之二種案例類型。並嘗試以經濟分析方法，從福利經濟學的觀點，透過比較靜態分析，檢視我國法院適用基本權第三人效力判決之合理性，以提供法院對基本權衝突利益衡量更全面的思考。最後，透過我國法院適用第三人效力理論及基本權衝突之判決案例觀察，本文歸納提出我國法院適用利益衡量之準則。

The third-party effectiveness theory of basic rights in Taiwan is adopted from the German law. The presentation of this theory by Taiwanese constitutional scholars is limited to the introduction of foreign law. In Taiwan, research and discussion on domestic doctrines for the practice of applying this theory in courts have received little attention. Given the rise of capitalism and globalization, the threat of social power infringing upon the fundamental rights of individuals has gradually expanded, and that to some extent, is similar to the infringement of state power. Hence, it is necessary to have a more in-depth understanding of actual situational applications of this theory in courts in Taiwan. This article is based on the court judgments collected to analyze the types of third-party effectiveness of the basic rights caused by private disputes of the parties and accordingly distinguishes two kinds of case types: contractual disputes and non-contractual disputes. Furthermore, this article attempts to use the economic analysis method from the perspective of welfare economics with the use comparative static analysis method to examine the rationality of the third-party effectiveness judgment of the basic right of the court in Taiwan so as to provide a more comprehensive measure of benefit assessment of the basic rights conflict. Finally, through the application of the third-party effectiveness theory and the judgment of the basic rights conflict in Taiwan’s courts, it summarizes and proposes the applicable criteria for evaluating the benefit assessment of the courts in Taiwan.