利用自填問卷了解年輕機車騎士之超速行為

Application of self-adminstrated questionnaire to investigating speeding behavior for young motorcyclists

根據衛生福利部（以下簡稱衛福部）資料顯示，近年交通運輸事故死亡人數約占事故傷害總死亡人數的 50%，所造成的社會成本相當高，實是值得全國重視的議題。警政署的交通事故統計資料顯示年輕駕駛者佔多數，其中年輕機車騎士佔年輕駕駛者發生交通事故的比例最高。根據國內外相關文獻，超速行駛是年輕駕駛最常見的危險行為。超速（speeding）不僅是指車速過快（超過速限），在不利情況（adverse conditions）下（如天雨路滑）行駛速率不當亦屬超速。根據相關研究顯示，超速為影響道路交通事故的發生與傷害嚴重度的重要因素，因此若能減少年輕駕駛者的超速行為，當能有效降低因超速所造成的交通事故風險。 本研究目的在於了解在幾種常見的情境下年輕機車騎士的超速行為，利用問卷讓受訪者勾選在各種情境下所選擇的行駛速率，情境可分為車速過快（一般狀況、朋友同行與速限變化）與速度不當（施工路段、事故現場和下雨）兩類。問卷發放對象為北部一所國立大學學生，共計回收 305 份問卷，有效問卷 275 份，有效率為 90%。分析結果顯示年輕機車騎士容易受到同儕影響而超速，測速照相執法對於騎士也有影響；較資深的機車騎士騎車速度較快。根據調查結果顯示，在不利環境下年輕機車騎士都會減速，但是卻未能將行車速率降到安全的範圍內，原因可能為年輕騎士高估自身的騎車能力，或是不了解因應各種不利環境的安全速率，以致因速度不當影響騎士對於前方車流與周遭交通環境的辨識能力，造成道路交通事故的發生。建議宜加強機車騎士的教育訓練與宣導，讓年輕機車騎士能夠了解並察覺各種不利情況，選擇安全的行駛速率。

The Ministry of Health and Welfare reported that the fatalities caused by traffic crashes in recent years accounted for 50% of the total number of fatalities of all kinds of accidents in Taiwan. The social costs of traffic crashes are essentially high and it has become a crucial issue of the nation. According to the statistics from the National Police Agency, young drivers were the major group involving in the traffic crashes among all age groups. Speeding, a major contributory factor in both the number and severity of traffic crashes, was prevailing among young drivers, especially for young motorcyclists. Speeding encompasses excessive speed (driving above the speed limit) or inappropriate speed (driving too fast for the conditions, but within the limits) (OECD, ECMT, 2006). This study aims to investigate the speeding behavior under various circumstances among young motorcyclists. There were 275 valid sample collected from a national university in northern Taiwan. The survey results revealed that peer pressure and the presence of speed carmaras had significant influences on riding speeds for young motorcyclists. Experienced motorcyclists tended to ride faster. Young motorcyclists would slow down under adverse conditions; however, their riding speeds were still too fast for the situations. The possible reason might be the young motorcyclists overestimate their riding ability or they fail to perceive safe speeds under adverse conditions. Inappropriate speed would impair the motorcyclists’ ability to perceive the hazards in traffic or the surroundings, which might attribute to the occurrence of traffic crashes. It is recommended that the enhancement of traffic safety education and campaigns might help to improve the awareness of adverse conditions and adapt appropriate riding speeds on roads.