從日本能力觀的變遷探討後現代型能力與反身性－以勞動與教育的觀點探討

A Discussion on Postmodern Abilities and Reflexivity from the Change of Japanese Perspectives: A Case Study of Labors and Education

脫傳統化、知識經濟化、全球化的後現代社會中，在社會結構變化的同時，勞動市場的複雜化、多樣化、細分化也穩定地進行中。與此同時，年輕人被要求所應具備之能力的質也不斷地產生變化。因此，個人應如何在此社會中生存下去，則為我們當前所面臨之重要課題。再者，超越長期以來固定在某些領域中之知識、技能架構下的通用能力，換言之亦即是教養的「去脈絡化」的重要性則是日漸受到各方所重視。本論文將著眼於能力的橫軸（通用的能力）與垂直軸（認知、非認知的能力），以機能性能力亦即是教育與職業生活的觀點探討新的能力觀及後現代社會能力觀之變遷。本論文主要探討內容為，（1）日本能力觀之變遷，（2）後現代型能力與反身性。

In the postmodern society that is against tradition, engaged in knowledge economy, and globalized, along with the change of social structure, labor market has become complicated, diversified and divided steadily. Meanwhile, the youth is required to be equipped with changing quality of abilities. As a result, the survival of individuals in the society is the important issue that we are facing now. Furthermore, this requirement transcends general abilities fixed in knowledge and skill structure that has been long existed. In another words, the importance of decontexialization of general education has been increasing.This paper focuses on the horizontal axis of general abilities as well as the vertical axis of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities and examines changes of new ability perspective and postmodern abilities from the viewpoint of educational and vocational life, the functional capacity. The contents of this paper consist of: (1) viewpoint of ability change; (2) postmodern abilities and reflexivity.