有關說話當中 「kedo」的考察－著重於 「形式」， 「語用論的機能」， 「禮貌的機能」

The Research of ''kedo'' in Spoken Language: Put Emphasis on ''Form'', ''Pragmatics'', ''Politeness''

在本研究裡面、是以自然談話為資料的『日語談話資料庫』中「自由對談」為資料，用量和質的方式來分析它鄰接對的日語母語話者之間的「kedo」、結果如以下所示。以量的分析來看，從這次的資料分析結果可觀察出「kedo發話」的「末尾揚起形式」比「無聲音調形式」還出現的多。另外，「kedo發話」和「他者発話」是以要求－應答、質問－回答、評價－共感的鄰接組來構成，「kedo發話」則大部分是對鄰接組合的前件起作用。以質化結果來說，可以觀察出原來「kedo」的用法－「前提用法」和「対比用法」派生出來的中途終了機能和「終助詞的機能」這三種語用論的機能。首先，「前提用法」派生出來的是在前件的部分說明狀況後再要求對方進行某種行為。而「対比用法」派生出和前件相反的機能。再者，「終助詞的機能」則是緩和發話調節情報提示，表現出對對方的體貼，以及在和對方進行發話當中，避免斷定說話者心理態度的機能。而其中「終助詞的機能」在保留主張的部分則是因為和消極的禮貌產生關聯之因，可以瞭解到它和禮貌理論的機能有所相關。

The purpose of this research is to analyze the frequency of ”kedo” quantitatively and qualitatively by using the data of ”free dialog” in 'Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese'. And the results are as follows. From quantitative viewpoint, we can know the type of rising intonation at end of sentence appears much than the type of unmarked sound. We also can understand the ”the utterance of kedo” and ”the utterance of somebody else” compose of adjacency pair that includes ”ask-reply”, ”question-answer”, and ”valuation-empathy”. And the ”the utterance of kedo” almost occupies the former position of the adjacency pair. On the other hand, from qualitative viewpoint, we can know the ”the utterance of kedo” has three pragmatics function. One is original use ”maeoki”, the other one ”iisashi” that derives from ”use of comparison”, and the last one is the function of ”sentence-final particle”. ”Maeoki”'s function is to state situation with preliminary in the former part in adjacency pair. And the ”use of comparison”'s function is to make contrast assumption from former part in adjacency pair. The function of ”sentence-final particle” is to assuage the conversation, adjust the way of presenting information, consideration for listener, the attitude for conversation and etc,. These are all functions that let speaker avoid making clear affirmation. And we can also know the function of reserving assertion in ”sentence-final particle” has the connection with the theory of politeness.