宮澤賢治《冰河鼠的毛皮》的〈鐵道〉空間設定與格鬥情節──以電影《大列車強盜》和《薺坷瑪》的影響為中心

ThezRailway{space setting and fighting plot in Miyazawa Kenji’s ''Ice Mouse’s Fur'': Focusing on the influence of the film ''The Great Train Robbery'' and ''Zigomar''

《冰河鼠的毛皮》是宮澤賢治於1923年4月15日在〈岩手每日新聞〉（第7591號）紙上所發表的童話作品。本作品的背景設定為12月26日晚上8點由〈I-hatobu〉（イーハトブ：宮澤賢治所設定的專門用語，意旨如桃花源般的日本岩手縣此地）開往西伯利亞白令的超急行鐵道中，故事中主要描述由某個青年的出面解危，讓原本打算前往北及捕獵黑狐的肥胖紳士免於受到〈紅鬍子男子〉此神秘間諜角色的舉發，即將被代表自然守備隊的白熊們所挾持下車的驚險內容。利用〈鐵道〉此空間做為故事背景的靈感，雖然有諸多說法，筆者認為賢治在創作時乃是參考了1903年所製作的電影《大列車強盜》（The Great Train Robbery）這部被稱為電影史上首部西部片電影的內容模式而來。特別是參考了延伸此類型電影於1911年所拍攝的電影《怪盜薺坷瑪》（Zigomar）其中火車內格鬥一幕，可以視為對本故事中〈紅鬍子男子〉此間諜角色及其後故事發展上場景設定帶來相當影響的內容。

”Ice Mouse's Fur” is Kenji Miyazawa's fairy tale published by ”Iwate Mainichi News”(No.7591) in April 15th 1923. The background of this work is set up as happened on a ultra-radical railway from I-halobu (Kenji's coined word referring to Japan's Iwate conuty as an imagine dreamland) bound for Siberia Bering at 20 o'clock on December 26th. The story mainly tells about a young man's coming forward to help a fat gentleman, peached by a mysterious spy〈Red Beard Man〉as planning to hunt the black fox in the North Pole, from being kidneped by polar bear representative as natural garrison during the stopover.Instead of other points about〈Railway〉, I think that when Kenji wrote down the adventure content inside the〈Railway〉space background, his story-made inspiration came from referring to the model of ”The Great Train Robbery” (1903) known as the first Westerns Film in the movie history. Especially while referring to the extension type of this film ”Zigomar” (1911) and its one fighting scene inside the train, the role-setting of the 〈Red Beard Man〉's spy cheractor and several following scenes are affirmatively invoked the former fitms' molding-making.