中文摘要 |
在日本現代作家群當中,在海外最為廣受讀者歡迎的是村上春樹作品。雖然他的作品中的<無國籍性>常常會為人所強調,但從他開始了作家的生涯以來,持續的用日語書寫出大部分把日本作舞台的小說的村上文學來看,應有一定程度的將日本社會中的各種面相反映出來。在1930年代,有古澤平作提倡的「阿闍世情結」,其後小此木啓吾等人繼往開來發展出了有別於以「西歐型父性社會」為基礎的「伊底帕斯情結」,而以「日本型的母性社會」為前提而提出了精神分析的概念。「阿闍世」是在《觀無量壽經》《大般涅槃經》等佛教典籍中登場的古代印度王「Ajātaśatru」,其經歷為藍本,被創造出解釋母與子之間的憎恨以及相互寬恕的情感之用語。甚至在近幾年於《源氏物語》等文學研究中都在開始嘗試其適用性。另一方面,從進入21世紀之後,村上春樹也在作品中開始強調了家族裡的糾葛,例如在《海邊的卡夫卡》(2002年)等作品,一直以來容易被理解有「伊底帕斯情結」,但與其如此,倒不如將其假設在「阿闍世情結」之下,去開啟闡釋的新天地。 In the works of Haruki Murakami, many people have often found so-called 'statelessness'. But Murakami has written his novels all the time basically in Japanese, and most of them are staged in Japan, so I suppose that his literature must have reflected Japanese social aspect to some extent. What we call 'Ajase Complex' is one of the psychoanalytic concepts advocated by Heisaku Kosawa in 1930s, and has been developed by his pupils or followers such as Keigo Okonogi. It is based the 'Motherly society of the Japanese model', and very different from 'Oedipus Complex' originated from the 'Paternal society of the Europe model'. 'Ajase', namely 'Ajatasatru' was one of the kings in ancient India, appeared in the sutras such as Amitayurdhyana Sutra, Mahayana Mahaparinirvaṇa Sutraetc. 'Ajase Complex' wasborn according to his career to explain the inter-emotion of the hate and forgiveness between mother and her child. And in recent years, this concept is even used to interpret some literary texts such as The Tale of Genji. On the other hand, Murakami started to describe the interfamily tangle theme in his novels from around the beginning of 21st century. And among them, for example Kafka on the Shore (2002), tended to be interpreted by the scheme of 'Oedipus Complex'. But I guess that we can open up the new points of view to recognize Murakami's works, if we rather estimate the existence of 'Ajase Complex' behind the novel. |