客家電視在多言文化中的傳播功能與挑戰

The Propagating Functions of Hakka TV in a Multi-Dialectical Culture

台灣社會處於一個雙語又雙言的社會，意即是國語族群和閩南語族群皆保留其完整的方言，並且此二種方言的使用者大部分都可以使用彼此的方言而成為可以溝通的雙語。客家話則是無法跨族群溝通且在族群內逐漸流失的一種方言。依Markov語言傳承模型推估，客家話在六至八代之後將陷入與現今原住民各族方言一樣的困境中。將描述民意散佈的「沉默螺旋」理論應用在客家話的傳播模式中，客家電視可以積極扮演塑造「語言氣候」的功能，使客家話在台灣語言社會中，不是完全沒有功能的弱勢方言。透過家庭教育的紮根、學校母語教育的參考團體功能以及大眾傳播媒體的意見塑造，客家話得以減緩其落入「沉默螺旋」的速率，如果客家電視推廣成效得宜，再加上客籍文化人士及意見領袖的仲介，客家話亦有可能成為台灣未來「三語但非三言」的語言文化中的一個重要元素。

Taiwan has been in a society of bilingual and bi-dialectical, which means the group of Mandarin spoken and the group of Helo spoken both completely kept their complete dialects, and both users could communicate with each other in either dialects. Hakka is a dialect which other groups can not use to communicate and is gradually waning. According to the speculation of Markov model for Language-inheritance, it is estimated that Hakka language will get into scrapes as the Taiwanese aborigines nowadays after six to eight generations. Applying the theory of public opinion distribution, "Spiral of silence" to the patterns of Hakka language, Hakka TV can actively build a "language climate" to prevent Hakka from becoming a dialect of malfunction. Hakka can retard its speed of sinking into "Silent Spiral" with family education, and the function of reference groups in school education and the opinion building of mass media. If Hakka TV popularizes well and the agency of Hakka cultural people and opinion leaders elaborates, Hakka can possibly prove to be an essential element of the "tri-lingual but not tri-dialectical" language culture in the future.