親職化中的子女主體性：來自於「孝道」研究的啟示

Children Agency in Parentification: Inspiration from Studies of Filial Piety

作為來源於家族系統治療理論的重要概念，「親職化」（parentification）在親子關係領域得到廣泛研究。然而，隨著親職化實證研究的不斷發展，越來越多的研究聚焦於子女單方面的親職化行為而脫離其社會文化、家庭脈絡，且其研究結果呈現出正反兩面結果並存的「雙面格局」。本文在系統性回顧親職化實證研究後，在華人孝道文化中子女主體性思想的啟發之下，建議相關研究重視親職化過程中子女的主體性（agency）。最後，在親子關係雙邊模型思想的指導下，本文納入親職化家庭脈絡以及子女的雙元自主性，構建出親職化研究的整合模型，嘗試為後續研究提供更為整合性的理論架構。該模式主張，子女在家庭脈絡中感知到親職化需求，表現出親職化角色行為，從而體驗到親職化情緒感受，進而影響到其心理發展結果。在此歷程之中，父母自我分化會調節父母對子女親職化角色行為的反饋，而父母的反饋則又調節親職化角色行為與親職化情緒感受的關係；子女主體性調節感知到的親職化需求與親職化角色行為的關係，以及調節親職化角色行為與親職化情緒感受的關係，並直接影響到心理結果。

As an important concept derived from family therapy theory, parentification has been widely studied in the field of parent-child relationship. However, with the continuous development of empirical research on parentification, more and more researches focus on children's unilateral parentification behavior, which is divorced from their social culture and family context, and their results show a ''chaotic situation'' with both positive and negative results coexisting. After systematically reviewing empirical researches on parentification, this article, with the in spiration of subjectivity in Chinese filial piety culture, suggests that relevant research pay attention to the subjectivity of children in the process of parentification. Finally, under the guidance of the bilateral model of parent-child relationship, family context of parentification and the dual autonomy of children are incorporated to build an integrated model of parentification research in an attempt to provide a more integrated theoretical framework for follow-up research. This model determines that children perceive the needs of parentification in the family context and demonstrate the role behavior of parentification, experience the emotional feelings of parentification, and further affect the outcomes of their psychological development. In this process, parents' self differentiation can moderates parents' feedback on their children's parentification role behavior, which in turn moderates the relationship between parentification role behavior and parentification emotional feelings; children's agency moderates the relationship between perceived of parentification needs and parentification role behaviors, and the relationship between parentification role behaviors and parentification emotional feelings, and then directly influences psychological outcomes.