中文摘要 |
關於日語條件表現「さえ~ば」的說明,在先行研究裡,可散見「充分條件「最低(限)條件「唯一條件」等用語,不僅是研究者之間各用不同的用語來說明,同一研究者的用語也不盡相同。本研究的目的在於,重新檢討「さえ~ば」的句意,並比較其與「~ば」有何不同之處。「さえ~ば」根據前件是否為後件成立之「無可取代的條件」而分為兩種狀況,但不論在哪種狀況裡都意指序列關係中最下位的條件,因此用「最低條件」這個用語來說明「さえ~ば」的句意較能凸顯其本質。「さえ~ば」意指序列關係中的「最低條件,所以是直接明示其「為「最低條件」。而「~ば」只有在發話焦點位於前件時,會因為誘導推論的作用而讓前件被解釋為「最低條件,所以是間接暗示其為「最低條件」。相較於「~ば」只是發話焦點位於前件時「因誘導推論而來的最低條件」,「さえ~ば」則是不論發話焦點位於前件或後件都直接「明示了「序列關係中的最低條件」。因此語境裡是否存在序列性的複數「條件,可做為判斷是否必須使用「さえ~ば」的依據。 Sae-Ba has been explained as a sufficient condition or the minimum condition or the only one condition in different previous researches. Even the same researcher used the different terms in different studies. The aim of this paper is to find the specific character of Sae-Ba by comparing with the meaning of Ba conditional sentences There are two kinds of Sae-Ba conditional sentences, and the difference is whether the antecedent is irreplaceable or not. Both of them mean the minimum one in the scale of conditions. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the minimum condition to express the meaning of Sae-Ba essentially. The Sae-Ba conditional sentence means the minimum one in the scale of conditions, so it expresses the minimum condition directly. The Ba conditional sentence implies the minimum condition indirectly because of invited inference only when discourse-focus is on the antecedent contextually. Therefore, the hint of using Sae-Ba is to see whether there is scale of conditions in the context. |