都市野生蜂授粉服務與移動廊道之研究

Urban pollination services and movement corridors for wild bees

近代全球蜂類數量大幅減少，都市化現象被認定是重大因素之一，因都市擴張會明顯衝 擊野生蜂的物種多樣性，對人類的影響即是作物授粉服務短缺，經濟嚴重受損，相對植物無 法有效繁衍，生活環境也會產生負面影響。本研究以台中市做為試驗區，使用空間建模方 法，推估市野生蜂的授粉服務供給，並透過電路理論辨別移動廊道。研究結果發現，台中市 境內的授粉服務熱點位於東半側的淺山帶，該區有種植大面積的高經濟價值果樹，西半側因 都市化與作物區趨於單一化的因素，授粉服務相對稀少；此外，東南側有一條明顯的野生蜂 潛在廊道，但全區來說，流動情形並不通暢。本研究建議，授粉短缺的地區應增加花卉資源 改善棲地，可先從潛在廊道周邊進行，再逐步向外延伸。總結來說，通盤瞭解野生蜂授粉服務供給的優劣和它們可能的移動範圍，可做為棲地經營管理之重要依據，將有助生物多樣性與都市農業的永續發展。

The global bee population and diversity have declined sharply in recent years, and urbanization has been identified as one of the major factors. Consequences from the phenomenon include reduced crop pollination services and inability for plants to propagate, further leading to destruction in our economy and living environment. By designating Taichung City as our experimental area and using spatial modeling, we estimated the supply of pollination services by wild bees in the city and identified movement corridors through circuit theory. This study discovered that the hotspots for pollination services within Taichung City were among the hills on the eastern side of the city, where large areas were planted with fruit trees of high economic value. Contrarily, the western side of the city receives less pollination services due to urbanization and the simplification of crop areas. We also found that the southeastern side of the city has an obvious potential corridor for wild bees. However, bee movement in the entire region has not been smooth. We suggest that areas with pollination shortages should increase habitats with improved flower resources around potential corridors and expand outward gradually. In summary, our analysis yielded a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of pollination services by wild bees and their possible range of movement. This information can serve as a reference for habitat management and to facilitate sustainable development for biodiversity and urban agriculture.