港口及內陸貨櫃集散站營運人對貨損責任之分析

AN ANALYSIS OF CARGO CLAIMS LIABILITIES OF PORT AND INLAND CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION OPERATORS

我國部分港口腹地不足，須於港區外設立內陸貨櫃集散站；港口及內 陸貨櫃集散站均扮演國際運輸中繼站之角色。以運輸物流立場，本文系統 性分析國際海運公約有關貨櫃集散站營運人對貨損責任，及聯合國國際貿 易運送終站營運人責任公約 （UNOTT） 規範；考量貨櫃集散站之特殊性， 針對我國海商法提出具體的修正建議。經研究發現，新修訂喜馬拉雅條款 適用範圍已擴大，於國際立法上，舉凡為協助履行運送契約而提供任何服 務之人，不論其與運送人是否有契約關係，以其行為目的為判定基準。研 究成果可提供航政主管機關檢視貨櫃集散站經營業現行規範，俾與國際公 約規範接軌，以健全我國貨櫃集散站經營業之整體發展。

Due to the lack of hinterland space within some of the port areas in Taiwan, it is necessary to establish inland container freight stations (CFS) beyond the port areas. In addition, both port CFS and inland CFS play the roles of intermediate nodes in international transport. Therefore, from the transport logistics point of view, the research systematically discusses various international shipping conventions on the cargo claim liabilities of CFS and regulations of the United Nations Convention on the Liabilities of Operators of Transport Terminals in International Trade (UNOTT). Considering the particularities of CFS in Taiwan, the amendments of cargo claim liabilities are proposed. The research discloses the expanding applicability of the Revised Himalaya Clause. In international legislation, anyone providing services in the delivery of carriage is under legal extent and judged by his purpose, whether having contractual relationship with the carrier or not. The results of the research can provide the maritime authority to examine the existing operational regulations of CFS referring to the regulations of the international conventions, so as to improve the overall development of container freight stations in Taiwan.