第二型糖尿病病人人格特質、情緒困擾、社會支持與自我照顧行為相關探討

Associations of Personality, Distress, Social Support With Self-Care Behaviors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

背景：第二型糖尿病病人自我照顧行為與糖尿病相關情緒困擾及社會支持有顯著相關，而五大人格特質也被認為與第二型糖尿病自我照顧行為有關。目的：探討第二型糖尿病病人的五大人格特質、糖尿病相關情緒困擾及社會支持與自我照顧行為之間的相關。方法：採橫斷性研究設計，方便取樣收集200位第二型糖尿病病人，以問卷收集個人及疾病特性、五大人格、糖尿病相關情緒困擾、社會支持及自我照顧行為。採用百分比、平均值、標準差、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與強迫輸入複迴歸分析法進行資料分析。結果：高社會支持者，其糖尿病總自我照顧行為愈好，糖尿病相關情緒困擾與總自我照顧行為無顯著相關，愈傾向外向性、友善性及謹慎性人格者總自我照顧行為愈好，而愈傾向神經性人格則其總自我照顧行為愈差。經由強迫輸入複迴歸法分析，年齡與社會支持為總自我照顧行為的顯著相關因子，解釋19.5%總變異量。結論／實務應用：醫療人員應優先考量病人的年齡及社會支持以改善第二型糖尿病病人的自我照顧行為。人格特質因其與自我照顧行為有顯著相關，所以仍應考量病人的人格特質，提供符合個別性衛教。

Background: The findings of recent studies indicate that self-care behaviors are significantly associated with diabetes-related distress and social support in patients with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, Big-Five personality traits are also considered to be associated with self-care behaviors and should be considered. Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the associations between Big-Five personality traits, diabetes-related distress, and social support and diabetes self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted with 200 participants recruited by convenience sampling. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic and disease characteristics, Big Five personality indicators, diabetes-related distress, social support, and self-care behavior. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean and standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation test, and enter method multiple regression analysis. Results: Social support was found to relate positively and significantly with self-care behavior, while no significant relationship was found between diabetes-related distress and self-care behaviors. Participants with high scores for extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness tended to have better self-care behavior, while those with a high score for neuroticism tended to have poor self-care behaviors. The results of the enter method multiple regression analysis showed age and social support to be significant factors associated with self-care behaviors, explaining 19.5% of the variance. Conclusion/ Implications for practice: Priority concern should be given to patient age and social support status when working to improve the self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes. As personality traits were found to be significantly associated with self-care behaviors, these should be included in the individual health education program.