| 英文摘要 |
Human beings are social beings. Our development and socialization involve integration into groups. Through such processes, we become categorized in various ways, e.g., by our gender, race, abilities, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious belief, marital status, and nationalities. For instance, Kamala Harris is an American, Democrat, Black, Asian, married, and a woman. But what makes her such? More precisely, what is the nature of these social categories, including their metaphysical bases, structures, and specific mechanisms, such that one belongs to one category but not the other? How much control do we have over our being in one of these categories rather than another? In what sense, and to what extent, are these categories up to us (Ásta, 2018; Epstein, 2015; Hacking, 1995; Mallon, 2016; Millikan, 1984; Searle, 1995)? |
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