德國共同大法庭（Gemeinsamer Senat）制度初探──兼評引進我國之可行性

A Preliminary Exploration of the Gemeinsamer Senat System in Germany and Its Feasibility in Taiwan

司法院繼2012年底之後，再次於2018年1月初提出法院組織法及行政法院組織法關於增設大法庭制度之修正草案，而由立法院於該年12月初完成修法程序，並經總統公布，自2019年7月4日起開始施行。該等以德國各聯邦最高等法院之大法庭制度為原型而增設之大法庭制度，係為解決現行最高法院及最高行政法院等組織法上之終審法院其內部各法庭所生法律見解歧異，以及發揮法律續造之功能而設。但德國除於各聯邦最高等法院內部設置大法庭外，尚另設有各聯邦最高等法院共同大法庭，職司各聯邦最高等法院彼此間法律見解之統一與歧異之化解。本文以下先行就彼邦各聯邦最高等法院共同大法庭之設置背景、組織，以及程序等事項予以說明，繼之，再就我國引進該等共同大法庭制度之可行性，提出本文之見解，以作為日後修法時之參考。

In response to ongoing demands for judicial reform, in late 2012 and again in January 2018, the Judicial Yuan passed resolutions to draft amendments to the Court Organic Act and the Administrative Court Organization Act that would establish a Grand Chamber system. In early December 2018, the Legislative Yuan completed the process of amending the law. After the amendment is signed by the President, it will take effect starting July 4 2018. The Grand Chamber system is based on the Großer Senat system of the oberste Gerichtshöfe des Bundes in Germany. Its roles are to facilitate legislation and to resolve the differences of legal interpretations between various internal courts which based on organic law under the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. However, in Germany, in addition to a Großer Senat within each oberste Gerichtshöfe des Bundes, they also have the Gemeinsamer Senat der obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes, which unites and resolves the various interpretations of laws made by different oberste Gerichtshöfe des Bundes. This paper first presents background material detailing the establishment, organization, and procedures of Gemeinsamer Senat der obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes. Then, it assesses the feasibility of introducing the Gemeinsamer Senat system to Taiwan. The results from this study can serve as a reference for future law amendments.