戰爭與民主：抗戰時期中共的民主論述及戰國策派的挑戰

War and Democracy: The Discourse of Democracy of Communist Party of China and Challenges from Zhanguo School in the Sino-Japanese War

中共在抗戰期間以「民主」作為論述主軸，強調「民主」與「正義」之戰的必然聯繫，幫助中共在戰時的國共合作中爭取政治空間，同時論證中共統治的正當性與優越性。另一方面，中共亦透過其民主論述為蘇聯政治體制辯護，公開支持蘇聯，並在太平洋戰爭爆發後，強調中共與蘇聯、英、美的共同外交立場。戰國策派則從「大政治」的角度指出國際戰爭有其運作邏輯，否定了民主與戰爭性質的必然關係，並質疑中共在抗戰期間爭取政權的正當性。中共對於戰國策派的批判，因而呈現出抗戰時期複雜的政治局勢，以及中共在眾多限制下建立政權的難題。

The discourse of democracy was the main propaganda of Communist Party of China (CPC) in the Sino-Japanese War. Chinese Communists emphasized the necessary connection between ''democracy'' and ''just'' wars, and justified their struggling for political space and state building. They also defended the political system of Soviet Union as democracy, and asserted common diplomatic ground of CPC, Soviet Union, United States, and Britain in 1942. The discourse of democracy was the strategy which CPC used to compete with Kuomintang under a united front. Zhanguo School noticed the serious national crisis, and insisted that international wars were irrelevant to morality and ideologies. They asserted the idea of ''real politics'' and repudiated the necessary connection between democracy and characteristics of wars. Zhanguo School challenged CPC's discourse and political strategies, and tended to support Kuomintang government to increase the force of the regime. Therefore, Chinese Communists criticized Zhanguo School for their whole plan of war. This criticism reflected the complicated political situation in the Sino-Japanese War, and many difficulties of state building of CPC as well.