2019年民事程序法發展回顧：審判權爭議及專業法院之管轄權

Developments in the Law in 2019:Disputes Concerning the Jurisdiction and Competence of Specialized Courts

我國向來區別公、私法關係，採審判二元體系，分別由行政法院及普通法院民事庭審判，而在私法關係領域，亦逐漸朝向專業審判而分設專業法院或專庭，不再僅由普通法院（地方法院、高等法院及最高法院）或其民事庭審理全部之私法關係訟爭。隨之而來地，關於各類型事件之定性及審判權（或管轄權、事務分配）之劃分，不免增生爭議。民事審判權與行政審判權之權限衝突問題，迄今尚未充分解決，循大法官解釋一途，徒增當事人之勞力、時間、費用，並浪費有限之司法資源，實宜儘速予以修正。於私權爭議之各專業法院（庭）間，就其管轄權或事務分配之爭議，必須平衡兼顧專業審判、適時審判、程序安定、紛爭統一解決、程序利益保護及訴訟經濟等各項訴訟法上基本原則，而非僅為追求專業審判之利益，以謀求解釋論上之適當處理。本文整理分析2019年相關重要之司法實務裁判，在同一法院之專庭與普通民事庭間，僅涉及事務分配，如民事庭誤允許為家事事件之追加，而合併行民事訴訟程序，最高法院明示不生違背專屬管轄之問題，且不得泛指違法而作為上訴理由廢棄原判決，以保護當事人之程序利益及避免浪費司法資源，可值贊同，並得作為勞動事件誤分由民事庭之處理方式。

Taiwan has always distinguished the relationship between public and private law and has introduced a dual system of jurisdiction, with the administrative court and the civil chamber of the general court deciding respectively. In the field of private law relations, there has been a gradual shift towards professional adjudication with the establishment of specialized courts or tribunals, instead of only the ordinary courts (district courts, high courts, and supreme courts) or their civil divisions trying all private law disputes. Consequently, controversies arose as to the characterization of various types of matters and the division of jurisdiction (or assignment of affairs). The conflict of authority between civil and administrative adjudication has not been fully resolved so far, and following the interpretation of the Chief Justice will increase the parties, labor, time and costs, and waste limited judicial resources. In privacy disputes between professional courts, disputes over jurisdiction or assignment of affairs must balance the basic principles of litigation law such as professional trial, timely trial, procedural stability, unified dispute resolution, protection of procedural interests and litigation economics, rather than merely pursuing the interests of professional trial in order to seek appropriate handling on the theory of interpretation. This article collates the relevant important civil judicial practice decisions in 2019, and analyzes their opinions. Between a specialized court and an ordinary civil court of the same court, only the allocation of business is involved. If the civil court mistakenly allows the civil proceedings to be consolidated as an addition to the family case, the Supreme Court expressly states that there is no violation of exclusive jurisdiction and that the original judgment cannot be set aside on the ground of general illegality of the appeal in order to protect the procedural interests of the parties and to avoid wasting judicial resources, which is agreeable and may be handled by the civil court as a labor case misallocation.