我國自營作業者之職災保險加入制度及其爭議

Issues of Self-employed Workers' Occupational Accident Insurance in Taiwan

我國的勞工保險為團體保險，涵蓋普通事故保險與職業災害保險兩類。被保險人除了受僱勞工以外，也及於自營作業者；前者由雇主為其投保，後者則經由職業工會投保。由於現行法規並不強制自營作業者應加入職業工會，形同其擁有保險自由，然而在從事勞動業務時亦產生社會保障上的漏洞。關於我國自營作業者的職災保險加入制度，成為勞工保險實務上的一大問題，亦是社會保險法上值得研究的題材。本文首先介紹我國自營作業者加入社會保險的制度，凸顯傳統勞工保險與後來的全民健康保險之不同設計，繼而介紹德國職業災害保險之相關經驗，再就我國自營作業者加入職災保險之諸多問題加以分析。最後提及規劃中的職災保險單獨立法，期待該法之通過能初步解決前述問題。

Taiwan's labor insurance is group insurance, covering ordinary insurance and occupational accident insurance. Insurers are not only employed workers, but also self-employed; the former is insured by the employer and the latter is insured by occupational unions. As the current regulations do not enforce self-employed workers to join occupational unions, which makes a loophole in social security. It is a problem that Self-employed workers to Join occupational disaster insurance in Taiwan. This article first introduces Taiwan's self-employed operators to join the social insurance system, highlighting the difference between traditional labor insurance and National Health Insurance. Then introduce the experience of German occupational accident insurance, analyze the issues of Taiwanese self-employed operators joining occupational accident insurance. Finally discuss the draft occupational accident insurance law, hope to solve the related problems.