日美同盟之發展與抉擇：兼論台灣因應策略

Development and Choice of the Japan-US Alliance: And the Implication for Taiwan's Policy Responses

進入二十一世紀，日美兩國為因應國際安全情勢的變化，已著手調整雙邊安保合作關係。冷戰時期，日美安保的設計主要針對「日本有事」下兩國間的運作，進行規範；但調整後的日美安保，已開始將重點集中於雙方對於「周邊事態」的因應。從同盟理論的觀點來看，日美安保合作在雙邊的權力關係、安全承諾與義務等方面，一直存有「不對稱」現象。二○○一年，美國布希政府上台後，為了回應新時代的安全需求，已開始要求日本行使「集團自衛權」，並決定將雙方同盟關係從「負擔共有」調整為「力量共有」，以提升兩國在同盟關係中的對等地位。日本小泉政府為了提升日本的國際與區域政治影響力，也著手制訂新的國內法，為日本自衛隊支援美軍軍事行動建立新的法源依據。在面對中共軍事威脅的同時，台灣必須仔細評估日美安保未來走向，強化台美日對話機制與安全合作關係，以嚇阻中共在台海地區進行軍事冒險，確保台灣的安全利益。

Entering into the 21st century, Japan and the US have revised their alliance ties in an attempt to cope with the shifting international security situation. During the Cold War, Japan-US Security Treaty focused on US commitment to defend Japan from an attack by another country. Following the end of the Cold War, the revised U.S.-Japan defense ties has emphasized on the deepening of bilateral cooperation against 'situations in areas around Japan.' From the perspective of alliance theory, the Japan-US Security Treaty has been asymmetrical at such aspects as bilateral power relations, security commitments and obligations. Since George W. Bush came to power in 2001, the US has required Japan to implement 'collective self-defense,' and has proposed to transformed Japan-US defense ties from 'burden sharing' to 'power sharing.' The major purpose is to create equal status for both in their alliance operations. To promote Japan's international political and regional influence, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi has sought to pass new domestic laws to remove the excessive restraints the Japanese peace constitutions has imposed on this country's right to send its self-defense forces to support US military activities. Given the deepening of Japan-US defense cooperation, Taiwan would have to take a close look at the future development of Japan-US security ties.