美軍武獲管理與複雜問題之決策方式──由實用主義的觀點探討起

The Paradigm of Decision Making in the United States Defense Acquisition Management and Complex Problems: A Pragmatism Perspective

本文主旨由實用主義的觀點，探討美軍武獲管理程序的變革，說明由於事物背景的改變，及人對有形有象世界詮釋的不同，而有不同的制度主張，複雜問題也正是因多元的觀點而生。文中藉近代一次應用互動管理對美軍武獲程序重新設計為案例，說明改革方式包容多元觀點，及符合實用主義的原則。由研討案例本文歸納複雜問題的特質，並列出常見處理複雜問題的模式及探討其優劣點；論文的結尾應用實用主義的觀念及系統的思維提出解決複雜問題的途徑，冀對國家處理重大政策的思維方法有所助益。

This paper is aimed at expounding the evolution of the United States Defense acquisition system from a pragmatism perspective. The arguments indicate that, influenced by the distinct positions to view this dynamic society, people usually hold disparate norms and values to interpret the phenomena of this corporeal world. The diversified interpretations give rise to a complex problem. Given the difficulty to tackle a complex issue, this paper reflects a successful case of redesigning the acquisition system by employing Interactive Management. The redesigning used Interactive Management as a mechanism, which is grounded in pragmatism principles, to embrace multiple perspectives. The case study is succeeded by synthesizing the characteristics of the complex problem and to outline the weakness and strength of conventional ideas of dealing with complex issues. In light of the weakness of conventional approaches, some vital concepts of dealing with complex problems are advanced in the hope of assisting a decision maker in making sound decisions on dealing with national policies. The postulations are grounded in pragmatism philosophy and systemic thinking.