皮埃爾．布爾迪厄的場域、習性與資本概念於戶外與冒險活動中的應用

Pierre Bourdieu's Concepts of Field, Habitus and Capital in Outdoor and Adventurous Activities

本文著重於布爾迪厄的三個概念，這些概念將協助我們在英國與中國 社會背景下探索戶外和冒險活動（OAA）的發展，並了解其在教育領域 的體育課程中的地位。這需要審查此兩國在社會，教育和文化背景下的差 異。由於人們思考和行動的方式受到不同的社會，政治和文化力量的影響 （Pike and Beames，2013），換言之，人們的行為是基於他們的文化和社 會的複雜聯繫。因此，有必要採取紀律和系統的方法，以了解事實，獲取 可靠的信息，並解釋它，以批判性地探究和思考社會中戶外與冒險活動的 發展。此焦點將對人們行為與社會之間關係的社會學理解，做出顯著的理 論和實證貢獻。由於戶外與冒險活動存在於人們生活，娛樂和工作的社會 環境中，因此本文透過布爾迪厄的理論框架來了解戶外與冒險活動和戶外 冒險經驗的社會方面。本文第一部分解釋借鑒布爾迪厄的概念來理解社會 中的戶外與冒險活動的原因。第二部分利用具體的理論框架幫助理解戶外 和冒險活動與戶外和冒險經驗的發展。第三部分討論了布爾迪厄概念的局 限性。最後，第四部分總結布爾迪厄的核心概念有助於理解一般的日常社 會行為，特別是在戶外和冒險活動中。

This study focuses on three Bourdieu's concepts that will assist in exploring the development of OAA (Outdoor and Adventurous Activities) in the English and Chinese contexts, and understanding its place in the physical education curriculum within the realm of education system. This entails an examination of the differences between these two countries in social, educational and cultural contexts. The way people think and act is influenced by different social, political and cultural forces (Pike and Beames, 2013); in other words, people's behaviour is based on a complex connection with their culture and society. Thus, it is necessary to adopt a disciplined and systematic approach in order to understand the facts, acquire credible information, and interpret it in order to study and think critically about the development of OAA in society. This overarching focus will make a significant theoretical and empirical contribution to the sociological understanding of the relationship between people's behaviour and their society. Since OAA exists in a social context in which people live, play and work, a theoretical framework was organised to make sense of the social aspects of OAA and the OAA experience. The reason for using Bourdieu's concepts to understand OAA in society is explained in the first section. The focus of the second section is specifically how this theoretical framework helps to understand the development of OAA and the OAA experience. The limitations of Bourdieu's concepts are discussed in the third section. Finally, the fourth section draws on his core concepts that are helpful for understanding everyday social behaviour in general, especially in outdoor and adventurous activities.