抒情意識與現代現實的交會－－鍾理和「笠山農場」的烏托邦敘事美學

The meeting of lyricism consciousness and modern reality - The Utopian narrative aesthetics of Chung Li-ho's Lishan Farm

鍾理和《笠山農場》構思於40年代的北平時期，完稿於50年代台灣，小說故事的時空背景卻是日治階段的30年代，而完成作品之際卻也是作者飽受生命災難最慘烈的時期，是以鍾理和在倖存的自我與多重打擊的命運之間，轉為頌讚大自然鄉土，雖或表現了某種精神層次上的啟蒙，然而與其創作《笠山農場》「當下此刻」印證，值得關注的卻是作者以抒情主體的發聲方式，所採以「其文主譎」的烏托邦書寫──暫時提供了一個象徵性的解決方案，以因應外在社會道德／政治秩序的一種他我矛盾。因此本論文乃取徑於烏托邦視域，並佐以「抒情意識」的剔抉，意圖重探《笠山農場》的敘事美學及其創作的深層意識。首先藉由「理想與現實的對照視野」、「個人意志與群體秩序的辯證」，以及「烏托邦的希望追尋與艱難困境」，討論鍾理和《笠山農場》裡烏托邦中立性的敘事話語；其次則分別透過「作為『內在性』與『認識性』的笠山風景」、「常民風景中的民俗學義涵」以及「『凡人之傳：人物風景中的饒新華』」等三個面向來梳理《笠山農場》中抒情經驗裡的風景發現。

Chung Li-ho's Lishan Farm originated in the Peking Period in the 40s, and was completed in Taiwan in the 50s. The story took place in the Japanese Occupation Period in the 30s. Chung suffered the most drastic catastrophe of his life as he was completing the novel, yet he used an Utopian writing style as a way to deal with his life dilemma, and to manage the conflicts between the external social ethics／political orders and oneself. This paper adopts the Utopian vision in exploring Chung's works, and makes his discourse more meaningful in dialogues.