從實驗室到市場：產學邊界跨越機制分析

From Laboratory to Market: Enabling Boundary Crossing in University-Industry R&D Collaboration

1999年科學技術基本法通過施行後，在政府相關單位的政策引導下，大學校院開始重視學術研發成果與產業經濟發展的鏈結，也有越來越多大學研發人員投入專利申請、專利授權轉讓、甚至學術創業等活動。然而學術研發成果是否能成功商業化，除了學界的技術開發之外，也需要業界的合作與反饋；政府於2014年推動的價創計畫，即是鼓勵學界與業界在早期技術開發階段共同合作，期能進一步將前瞻技術轉化為可於市場上銷售之商品。然而，令人好奇的是，何以部分價創計畫執行個案能夠在一般結案標準之外，有更亮眼的商業化表現？這些個案又是透過什麼機制來跨越產學之間的邊界障礙？本研究以經濟部價創計畫補助之合作研究案為分析單位，透過深度訪談與文件分析方法，試圖了解語意與實用邊界的跨越機制，如何影響研發成果的商業化程度。研究發現可視為對科學技術基本法施行成果的個案檢討，也能作為政府日後研擬產學合作成效提升策略之基礎。

Since the adoption of the Science and Technology Basic Law (STBL) in 1999, universities have attempted to bridge the gap between scientific research and industrial development; meanwhile, more and more university scientists engage in patent applications, patent licensing, and academic entrepreneurship. However, commercialization of academic research output depends not only technology development by academic scientists but also collaboration and feedback from partners in industry. The purpose of the Industrial Value Creation Program for Academia that was adopted in 2014 is to encourage university-industry research and development (R&D) collaborations during early-stage technology development to enable commercialization of cutting-edge technology. However, why did some R&D projects funded by the program achieve out-of-standard performances compared to others? What mechanism were adopted to overcome knowledge boundary between university and industry? By analyzing the funded projects, the present study aimed to understand in what way semantic and pragmatic boundary-crossing mechanisms determine the commercialization level of academic research. Our findings present not only the results of case evaluation for the implementation of STBL but also foundations of policy recommendations to promote effective industry-university collaborations.