從「和蕃」到「討蕃」：明治時期的霧社賽德克族（1895-1912）

From''Waban''to''Touban''The Seediq Tribe in Musha during the Meiji Era (1895-1912)

霧社地區的原住民族群分布有賽德克族（Seediq）、泰雅族（Atayal）及布農族（Bunun），各族群之下又有不同的亞族或社群。在恆久的歷史進程中，各族群、各社群皆有其疆土領域，以部落、部落集團組成部落聯盟，恪遵共同規範，其中，泛泰雅族（泰雅族、賽德克族）信奉祖靈信仰，服膺gaga／gaya／waya祖訓，維繫生命觀，及保存民族命脈。各族群或社群未有征服或統治他族的記錄。日本人治臺後，為確立日本帝國治權，試圖取得殖民國家在霧社地區的疆域與山地沃源，因此，透過「和蕃」之政略婚姻網絡，取得社群信任後，進而駕馭原住民族群。之後，擴張隘勇線前進，并行「討蕃」武力討伐與武器收繳，達到日本人統治的目的。「和番」亦作「和蕃」，本文「和蕃」一詞乃是透過政略婚姻，達成政治目的聯姻，明治時期在霧社地區與賽德克族德克達雅群（Tgdaya）締結婚姻者，有埔里支廳長檜山鐵三郎、蕃產交換人（通譯）近藤勝三郎、巡查近藤儀三郎等人，分別和不同的社群頭目家族建立聯姻，此後對原住民社會產生激變。本文旨在闡述日治時期明治年間（1895-1912），日本人在霧社地區的「理蕃」政策，從「和蕃」到「討蕃」的過程，說明原住民族群遭到日本帝國的蹂躪與民族遭遇。

The aboriginal tribes in Musha included the Seediq tribe, Atayal tribe, and Bunun tribe, all of which also had their own sub-tribes. In the length of history, each tribe and sub-tribe had their own territories. Each tribe also had its own allies, and they all had their own tribal rules. In it, the Atayal tribe and the Seediq tribe had firm beliefs in their ancestral spirit, also known as the''gaga/ gaya/waya'' teaching. This spirit kept their tribal lives going, and maintained their tribal peace. Each of these tribe had no records of ruling other tribes in history. After the Japanese governance of Taiwan, in order to safeguard their ruling power, and to extend their territory, they encouraged cross-cultural marriages between the Japanese and the aborigines, also known as ''Waban''. It was through this tactic that the Japanese gained trust amongst the aborigines, and eventually had control over them. In the end, the Japanese government had total control over their lives, even confiscated their weapons. The word 'Waban' is used here to mean the strategic ways the Japanese used to encourage cross-cultural marriages in order to gain their power. In the Meiji Era, there were a number of members from the Seediq tribe who were engaged in such marriages, including The Taiwan Government General's first civil administrator in Puli，Hiyama Tetsusaburō, ''Aborigine goods'' market (Interpreter), Kondō Katsusaburo, and policeman Kondō Gisaburō. They were each married to different tribes, but their relationships with the aborigines all had dire consequences. This article focuses on the strategic ways the Japanese used in governing the aborigines in the Meiji Era (1895-1912). From ''Waban'' to ''Touban'', and it explains how the aborigines were treated by the Japanese government.