第三波民主化後的蒙古政治體制設計

The Political System of Mongolia after the Democratization of the Third Wave

本文從新制度主義中的制度設計探討蒙古在第三波民主化後的政治體制，包括蒙古總統的權力、蒙古國會政黨體系，以及府會關係的運作，並經由此三個影響半總統制的重要變項，建構蒙古政治體制的面貌。蒙古經過十幾年的民主政治經驗，其半總統制的制度設計或可作為其他新興民主國家的比較參考。惟要論斷一個制度的優劣，必須有制度因素與非制度因素互相搭配觀察。由於非制度因素較難掌握，更應排除其對制度運作的影響，重視制度設計層面，以期民主政治的穩定發展。

By the institutional design of the neo-institutionalism, this essay tries to discuss the political system of Mongolia after the democratization of the third wave. Including the power of Mongolian president, the party system of Mongolian parliament, and the president-parliament relation of Mongolia, important variables of semi-presidentialism construct the real situation of Mongolia which is able to be compared with other new democracies. If we observe a system, the institutional and non-institutional factors must be considered. However, it is difficult to control non-institutional factor, the institutional design becomes the first priority to influence the stability of democratic development.