臺灣男、女學生於請求、拒絕和道歉行為的道歉語分析

The use of apologetic expression in the acts of apologies, requests, and refusals by Taiwanese students

隨著社會進步人們對社交禮儀的重視，道歉語的使用日益頻繁，其中又以「對不起」和「不好意思」的使用情境最為廣泛。本研究以開放式問卷調查臺灣男、女大學生於請求、拒絕、和道歉行為的道歉語選擇。結果顯示男、女生道歉語的使用頻次於道歉行為皆為最高，於請求行為為最低。從道歉語類型來看，男、女生使用「不好意思」頻次皆最高，而女生使用「對不起」又較男生更頻繁。最後，以言語行為來看道歉語類型，「不好意思」多用於請求和拒絕行為，而於拒絕行為頻次最高，顯示「不好意思」適用於事前預防性的道歉。相反的，「對不起」於道歉行為中使用最高，說明了道歉行為乃彌補冒犯的禮貌手段，因此應使用歉意強度較高的「對不起」。

The present study explored the relationship of gender and the use of apologetic expressions Bù hǎo yì sī（I'm sorry）and duì bù qǐ（I'm sorry）in Chinese. An open-ended discourse completion test（DCT）was employed to collect Taiwanese students' selection of apologetic expressions in requests, refusals and apologies. The findings illustrate that the higher degree of the offense of a speech act, the higher rate of usage of apologetic expressions. Bù hǎo yì sī occurred mostly in requests and refusals, whereas duì bù qǐ in apologies. In addition, females tended to apologize more often and than males and tended to use duì bù qǐ. The pedagogical implication is that to help learners of Chinese as a second language can understand the selection of bù hǎo yì sī and duì bù qǐ based on speech acts of apologies, requests and refusals in daily interactions with native Chinese speakers.