【特刊】《唐詩選唐音》的牙音聲母探討──近世唐音觀察之四

Study of Velar Consonant in Tang Poetry Anthology and Touon- The Fourth Discussion of Modern Age Touon

日本漢字音系統除吳音、漢音，還有「唐音」一種，由於它在西元1000年以後傳入日本，在日語使用上，比吳音、漢音來得偏狹。一般對唐音的研究，習慣以11至14世紀主要從浙江南部方言傳入的稱之為「中世唐音」，而15至18世紀經由杭州音、南京官話音，及少數北京官話音傳入的稱為「近世唐音」。近世唐音的研究材料，主要是黃檗宗課誦經典的讀音，曹洞宗所傳清規和琴譜（明樂）的誦讀音，以及長崎唐通事使用的各種學習唐話的音注教材。後者以岡島冠山編輯的《唐話纂要》、《唐話便用》、《唐譯便覽》、《唐音雅俗語類》等書保存最豐富的唐音材料。

Apart from Ggoon and Kanon, ''Touon'' is another way of reading Japanese kanji. Since Touon was introduced into Japan in Heian-Jidai（平安時代, after 1000 A.D.）, comparing with Ggoon and Kanon, its usage was more limited. Touon can be further classified as ''Touon in Middle Ages（originated from southern Zehjiang in 11 th-14 th centuries）'' and ''Touon in Modern Age（mainly originated from the dialect in Hangzhou, Nanjing Mandarin, and some from Beijing Mandarin in 15 th-18 th centuries）''. The main research materials of Touon in Modern Age include pronunciation gathering in scriptures of Huang-Po School（黃檗宗）, regulations and musical sheets of SōtōSchool（曹洞宗）, and the textbook of Tou-tsuuji（唐通事）in Nagasaki. This study uses ''Tang Poetry Anthology and Touon'', which is atextbook of learning Tang-Hua that might be annotated by Tou-tsuuji Liu Dao in the 18th century, as the main research material. This study compared 1,022characters from Tang Poetry Anthology and Touon to discuss velar consonants, including velar stop and nasal consonant. The correspondence between those characters and Katakana notation devotes to understand how to pronounce the velar consonant in Touon in Modern Age. For instance, most of the Jian-series（見系）tend to be annotated with Katakanaカ,キ,ク,ケandコ; however, some of the characters were annotated withヤ,ヨ,イ,ウ,エ,ワ,ヱandニ. Furthermore, this study parallely selects some important literary annotation works of Okazima Kanzan（岡島冠山）. In addition, some materials of Touon, Ggoon or Kanon were also investigated in the study. In sum, the results will help us to build the basic description of our overall understanding of Touon in Modern Age.