對陽明神秘經驗問題的重新思考──以湯淺泰雄哲學為參照

A Rethinking of the Mysticism Problem of Yangming--Taking Yasuo Yuasa's philosophy as Reference

本文從京都學派西田幾多郎、湯淺泰雄，到榮格的這條思想 脈絡，對良知、無善無惡、萬物一體等面向進行討論，以釐清陽 明學的系統與神秘經驗之間的關聯。本文最後歸納出三點：（1） 因善、惡二絕對矛盾的自我同一而有一在存在底層而超越的、同 一的「唯一實在」乃作為宇宙實在的統一力，這個統一力，並不 是主客相對下的個人意識，而是超越自他、主客分別的意識。（2） 因「理」這一「宇宙的統一力」的「全般性」，人與萬物感通，故 在意識現象上，也才會有無法在主客之間斷然加以區隔的一體之 感。（3）良知收斂凝一的這種統一狀態發生時，因經驗的純粹， 主體與對象同一，而「現在」，「曾經」和「將來」三個維度亦同 一的呈現在夢中的狀況。

To clarify the relation between Yangmingism and Mysterious experience, this paper discusses perspectives including Innate Knowledge, beyond good and evil, and achieving oneness with the myriad things, by taking reference of the thread of thoughts from Nishida Kitaro, Yasuo Yuasa, to Carl Jung. The conclusion of this paper can be summarized into these points: (1) Because of the Absolute Contradictory Selfidentity of good and evil, there is an only reality beyond good and evil at the bottom layer of existence, which is the force that unites the universe reality. This uniting force is not a personal consciousness under the subject-object relative relationship, but a collective consciousness beyond the distinguish subject-object. (2) Regarding the universals of Li(理), which is the strength that unites the universe reality, human is connected with the world through the bottom layer of existence. Therefore, in the phenomenon of consciousness, it appears that the subject and the object couldn't be clearly distinguished, instead there's a sense of unity. (3) When the conscience is condensed, due to the pure experience, the subject is united with the object, then the three dimensions of now, past, and future will be united, and presented as a whole in human's (subject's) dream