以商用逆向不動產抵押貸款支應長期照護之分析

Introduction of Commercial Reverse Mortgage to Cover Long-Term Care Analysis

近年來人口高齡化和少子化使得老人難以仰賴子女度過養老生活。長期照顧問題不僅對老年形成財務壓力，也造成政府的沉重財政負擔。政府近年推動的逆向抵押貸款，不但可使老人屋主在宅老化，也可提高老人的經濟生活水準。然而本國過去公益版和現有商業型逆向抵押貸款方案的貸放成數皆未經過精算，因此本研究假設引入美國逆向抵押貸款HECM計畫，套入臺灣資料來模擬試算本金上限因子，並探討透過逆向抵押貸款之每月可貸得金額運用在長期照顧如長照保險、雇用看護及入住養護機構等之補充效果，發現逆向抵押貸款雖可以減輕長照負擔，但仍需其他經濟來源的補充。申請逆向抵押貸款在不同情境下可提升三分之一至兩倍不等的長照支出覆蓋率。

In recent years, the aging of the population and decreasing birth rate in Taiwan make it difficult for the elderly to economically rely on their children. The long-term care problem not only puts financial pressure on the elderly, but also imposes a heavy financial burden on the Government. The reverse mortgage loans, recently promoted by the Taiwan government, will enable elderly homeowners to age in their homes, and improve their economic standard of living as well. However, neither the previous public welfare version nor the existing commercial reverse mortgage loan scheme in Taiwan has accurately calculated loan-to-value ratio, so this study assumes the introduction of the U.S. reverse mortgage HECM program into Taiwan and uses local data to simulate the principal limit factor. We will explore the supplementary effect of the monthly loanable amount of reverse mortgage loan if applied to long-term care expense such as long-term care insurance, employment care and stayat-care institutions. We find that the reverse mortgage can reduce the burden of long-term care, but still needs to be supplemented by other economic sources. Applying for reverse mortgages can increase long-term care spending coverage by one-third to twice in different situations.