COVID-19與全球公衛治理－－WHO的衰頹與新典範的崛起

COVID-19 and Global Public Health Governance: the Decline of WHO and the Rise of New Paradigm

COVID-19疫情肆虐全球，對於以WHO為核心的全球公衛治理體系也帶來嚴重地打擊。本文觀察WHO對於全球大規模流行性疾病認定標準的變化，《國際衛生條例》對於公衛訊息的互通機制、國際關注之公共衛生緊急事件機制的運作情形，以及國際社群對於疫情的因應與調適。本文發現儘管世界公衛治理體系在歷次全球流行病發生後都有調整與改變，但此次疫情仍突顯了此一體系在國家中心政治運作下的限制，以及現有國際關注之公共衛生緊急事件機制彈性的不足，並初步展現了全球實驗主義治理的實踐。

While the world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO-centered global public health governance is suffering, too. This Article observe the changes in WHO's criteria for declare pandemic, the mechanisms of public health information communication and Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) under International Health Regulations, and the response and adaptation of international community to the outbreak. This article finds that despite the world public health governance has adjusted and changed after previous outbreaks, this pandemic still shows the limit of this system under state-centered politics, the lack of flexibility in current classification of PHEIC, and the preliminary practices of Global Experimentalist Governance in this regime.