《群書治要》選編《墨子》的意蘊：從初期墨學的解讀談起

The Implication of Mozi Selected from Qun Shu Zhi Yao: On the Interpretation of The Early Mohism

受限於傳播與接受的影響，魏徵等人所編撰的《群書治要》，內在思想的特殊性一直未能彰顯，本文鎖定其中選錄的子部典籍──《墨子》，作為探討的對象，企圖拓展一個可見意蘊的視角。之所以選擇《墨子》，除了《群書治要》選錄的篇章內容，有足夠的質與量可以用來分析，墨子思想本身具有的豐富內涵與待填補的詮釋空白，也是重要的因素。墨子學說曾經在先秦時與儒家分庭抗禮，但至秦漢後迅速的衰落，截至今日，仍舊難以覓得一個掌握其精彩的方式。為了呈現《群書治要‧墨子》的不同，作為比對的基礎，自然需要清楚圖繪其樣貌。因此，本文的闡述分為兩大部分，第一部分將拓展對墨子思想體系的解讀，第二部分再展示《群書治要‧墨子》的特色。針對墨子思想的分析，筆者提出從賢者的角度切入，以「尚賢」為基礎，「法天」為依歸，建構起理解墨子思想的架構，藉此拓展對墨學的理解。至於《群書治要‧墨子》的分析，透過篇章內容的梳理，可以看見關注的焦點放在「尚賢而事能」、「非命而有為」、「法天而愛人」與「儉節而利人」等四個面向上，此間展現出「君明臣良」、「稱天心合民意」與「實踐導向」等三點的思想轉變，藉此看見《群書治要‧墨子》的特殊性。

The particularity of the internal thoughts in the book of Qun Shu Zhi Yao compiled by Wei Zheng and others has not been revealed, which is limited by the influence of dissemination and acceptance. This essay focuses on the selected classic book Mozi, as the object of discussion, in an attempt to expand a sight of significance. Mozi's thought has rich connotation and interpretation blank to be filled, which is also an important factor. Mohism once fought against Confucianism in the Pre-Qin period, but it declined rapidly after the Qin and Han Dynasties. Therefore, this essay divided into two parts. The first part will expand the interpretation of Mozi's ideological system. The second part will show the characteristics of Mozi in Qun Shu Zhi Yao. By so doing, highly suggested to penetrate deeply from sage's perspective, based on the principle of ‘Promoting the worthy' and ‘the simulating of heaven' as accordance to construct the framework of understanding Mozi's thought and Mohism. Through the results of the research attempts to expand understanding of Mohism and the particularity of Mozi in Qun Shu Zhi Yao.