自主監外作業受刑人之勞動權益初探——以參加勞工保險之權利為探討重心

The labor rights study of non-custodial work released inmates–focusing on the right to participate in the labor insurance program

矯正機關的「作業」具有強制性，其作業條件亦受到監獄行刑法等相關法規限制，且受刑人與矯正機關間為公法關係，與一般勞工與雇主基於私法關係而締結的勞動契約有所不同，故現行受刑人從事作業並無勞動基準法之適用，亦無法參加勞工保險，對其勞動權益影響甚鉅，是否逐步開放受刑人參加勞工保險，尚須相關單位審慎評估。然而，自主監外作業係由矯正機關安排受刑人至矯正機關外工作，並向合作廠商（雇主）提供勞務獲取報酬，其工作內容與條件均與一般勞工相同，惟勞動部卻認定自主監外作業受刑人不可參加勞工保險，蓋因矯正機關與合作廠商（雇主）間的自主監外作業契約為勞務承攬契約，故受刑人與合作廠商（雇主）並非僱傭關係。本文擬從勞動契約之從屬性判斷為開端，觀察自主監外作業合作契約與作業確認單之內容，進而主張縱自主監外作業受刑人與矯正機關間為公法關係，然其與合作廠商（雇主）間勞動關係仍應有勞工保險條例之適用，申言之，本文認為按其工作性質與內容，於提供勞務之給付地點、時間、給付量及勞動過程，均須依合作廠商（雇主）指揮監督，且不用負擔經營風險，並為雇主的事業提供勞務，屬於經營生產團隊之一員，與其他勞工居於分工合作狀態，勘認符合人格從屬性、經濟從屬性、組織從屬性等特徵，足資認定其勞動關係應有勞基法之適用，且為保障自主監外作業受刑人之勞動權益，合作廠商（雇主）為其投保勞工保險，乃符合社會公平。

It is mandatory for the inmates to work in the correctional institutions according to Prison Act. The relationship between the inmates and the correctional institutions regulated by the public law differs from the relationship between the general laborers and the employers regulated by the private law. For this reason, Ministry of Labor considers that non-custodial work released inmates are not employed by the cooperative manufacturers (employers). Therefore, non-custodial work released inmates are not regulated by Labor Standards Act, which means they are not qualified to participate in the labor insurance program. This study evaluated the subordinate relationship of the labor contracts. First of all, according to the contracts and the work contents, the inmates' workplace, working hours and labor process are all supervised by the employers. Also, non-custodial work released inmates are irresponsible for management risk, must provide labor service for the cooperative manufacturers' (employers') business, and collaborate with the other laborers. As discussed above, it can be determined that there is personal, economic and organized subordinate relationship between the inmates and the cooperative manufacturers (employers). Therefore, these inmates should be regulated by Labor Standards Act, and the cooperative manufacturers (employers) should help them to participate in the labor insurance program based on the labor right, which is in line with the social equity.