城鄉地區消防人員工作壓力及職業傷害之差異分析

Comparing the Difference ofWorking Pressure and Occupational Injuries among Firefighters in Metropolitan and Rural Areas

本研究主要在探討都市與鄉下地區消防人員工作壓力與職業傷害之差異。調查對象為高雄市及屏東縣之消防人員，人數分別為200位。研究方式採問卷調查法，其中工作壓力量表包含「角色壓力」、「工作負荷」、「專業程度」、「人際關係」、「組織氣氛」、「家庭互動」等六個構面|職業傷害量表包含「物理性職業傷害」、「化學性職業傷害」、「人因工程職業傷害」、「身體機能職業傷害」及「精神狀態職業傷害」等五個構面。分析方式是以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗及皮爾遜積差相關等方式來比較城鄉地區消防人員工作壓力及職業傷害之差異及相關情形|統計部分是以SPSS 22.0版統計軟體進行，顯著水準設為α=.05。研究結果如下：都市地區消防人員其工作壓力與職業傷害均較鄉下地區消防人員為高（p<.05）。在工作壓力中，發現屏東地區「專業程度」之壓力來源排序較前面，但在高雄卻排序則較後面。而在職業傷害方面，高雄地區「身體機能職業傷害」排序較「精神狀態職業傷害」前面，但在屏東地區則相反。高雄與屏東地區消防員工作壓力與職業傷害相關值皆達顯著正相關（p<.05）。研究建議都市地區除配置足夠的人力外，也可多利用運輸車輛、輔助搬運工具等，以減少過度人力搬運產生之運動傷害。

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of working pressure and occupational injuries among firefighters in metropolitan and rural areas. The firefighters was selected from Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County areas.A total of 200 questionnaries were issued and returned in each areas.The working-pressure and occupational-injuries questionnaries were divided into six and five factors respectively. The description method, independent samplest-test and Pearson product moment correlation were used for the analysis. The SPSS 22.0 was used in statistic, and the significant level was set at α=.05. The results were showed as below: The scores of working pressure and occupational injuries are both higher in metropolitan than rural area(p<.05). In the work pressure, the ranking of the score of ''professional degree'' was more superior in Pingtung county than that in Kaohsiung city. In the occupational injuries, the ranking of the score of ''physical function occupational injury'' was more superior in Kaohsiung city than that inPingtung county. There was significantly positive corrleation between the working pressure and occupational injuries for firefighters in both Kaohsiung city and Pingtung county (p<.05). The study suggests that adequate amount of human resources, transport vehicle and handling tool should be added in metropolitan area in order to reduce the risk of sports injuries with handling.