自然的社會建構──麥寮六輕環境議題研究

Social Construction of Nature - A Study on the Environmental Issues of The Sixth Naphtha Cracker in Yunlin

自然的社會建構為近年地理學新興的研究議題：自然除了是客觀的實在，同時也是社會象徵的產物，具有社會賦予的特定價值。本研究選定雲林麥寮六輕為研究場域，以2010年7月的工安意外及後續處理為焦點，藉此理解環境議題如何被社會所建構？在研究方法上，使用《自由新聞資料庫》及《聯合新聞資料庫》作為資料來源，輸入「六輕」進行關鍵字搜尋，時間範圍由2010年7月至12月，將研究資料分為雲林縣政府、行政院、台塑、麥寮居民、鄰近鄉鎮居民、專家學者等六類，藉以理解不同行動者的態度與立場，進而勾勒六輕環境議題的輪廓。研究發現：（一）科學證據與專家意見並非環境影響認定的最終依歸，各行動者依其既定認知對科學證據進行再生產，提出不同的論述與解讀，藉以支持自身論述與行動的合理性與正當性。（二）環境影響的解決方式不在於改善環境自身，而是透過衝突、協商、回饋等過程，以經濟補償的手段暫緩社會爭議，取得相關行動者的同意。（三）協商前後權力關係轉變：在工安意外初期，縣府與居民似於夥伴關係，縣府透過權力生產科學知識、地方仕紳的群眾動員作為縣府的民意後盾。但回饋機制確立後，台塑當局彷彿退居二線，縣府躍為回饋的支配者，居民抗爭焦點轉往向縣府爭取回饋的分配正義。（四）環境影響的尺度邊界在工安意外初期呈現是模糊且開放的狀態，所有的區域都可容納入「在地」的範疇，但在回饋機制確定後，地方的邊界變得明顯而確定，拆解成「縣」、「鄉鎮」等行政空間單元，各自爭奪受災地方的代表權。

Natural social construction is an emerging research topic in geography in recent years. In addition to being an objective reality, nature is also a product of social symbolism and has a specific value given by society. In this study, Yunlin Maiqi Liuguang was selected as the research field. Focusing on the accidents and subsequent treatments in July 2010, we understand how environmental issues are constructed by society. In terms of research methods, use the ''Free Press Database'' and the ''Joint News Database'' as sources of data, and enter ''six light'' for keyword search. The time range is from July to December 2010, and the research data is divided into clouds. The Lin County Government, the Executive Yuan, Formosa Plastics, McKinsey residents, neighboring township residents, experts and scholars, etc., to understand the attitudes and positions of different actors, and then outline the six light environmental issues. The study found that: (1) Scientific evidence and expert opinions are not the ultimate basis for environmental impact determination. Each actor reproduces scientific evidence according to its established cognition, and proposes different interpretations and interpretations to support the rationality and properness of its own discourse and actions. Sex. (2) The solution to the environmental impact is not to improve the environment itself, but to suspend social disputes through economic compensation through conflict, negotiation, feedback, etc., and obtain the consent of relevant actors. (III) Change of power relationship before and after consultation: In the early stage of the industrial accident, the county government and the residents seemed to be in a partnership, and the county government mobilized the masses to produce scientific knowledge and local officials as the backing of the county government. However, after the establishment of the feedback mechanism, the Formosa Plastics Authority seems to have retired to the second line, and the county government has become the dominator of the return. The focus of the residents’ resistance has shifted to the distribution justice of the county government. (4) The scale boundary of environmental impact is vague and open in the early stage of the accident, and all areas can be accommodated in the ''in-place'' category. However, after the feedback mechanism is determined, the local boundary becomes obvious and determined. It is dismantled into administrative space units such as ''counties'' and ''townships'' and each competes for representation in the affected areas.