臺灣水稻田生物多樣性之經濟價值評估

Economic Valuation of Biodiversity in Taiwan Rice Paddy

水稻田生物多樣性具有穩定提供糧食，傳承文化、提供遊憩場域，以 及保障經濟收入之功能，其衍伸效益亦作為相關農業環境給付的主要依據 之一。本研究應用條件評估法之 Tobit 模型與 Heckman 二階段模型，分析 在有無考慮抗議性樣本下的水稻田生物多樣性經濟價值。結果顯示，相較 於一般民眾，農民對於維護臺灣水稻田生物多樣性之願付價值相對較低。 在不考慮排除抗議性樣本，亦不考慮部分受訪者實質願付價格可能為負值 的情形下，一般民眾與農民整體維護臺灣水稻田生物多樣性之總價值約為 每年 111.90 億元|若考慮部分受訪者實質願付價格可能為負值的情形，以 及考慮矯正抗議性樣本的情形下，則其總價值分別為每年 90.89 億元與 136.92 億元。農民是水稻田生物多樣性第一線的守護者|若其對於維護生 物多樣性的評價較民眾之評價低，則將無法期待農民在維護水稻田生物多 樣性上能達到民眾期待的標準。因此，本研究建議政府得針對農民強化農 業環境教育，增加相關推廣活動，進而提高農民對於保護水稻田生物多樣 性的評價。最後，針對抗議性答覆及其理由，本研究亦建議政府應強化對 於各類預算使用及相關政策措施之說明，增進相關資金使用之透明度，進 而提高相關政策之支持。

The biodiversity of rice paddy can provide such functions as below: providing food stably, inheriting culture, providing recreation areas, and maintaining income. The value of rice paddy biodiversity can be applied on agricultural environment payments. In this study, Tobit model and Heckman two-stage model were applied to analyze the economic value of rice paddy biodiversity, including and excluding protest samples. The results show that compared with the general public, farmers' willingness to pay for maintaining the biodiversity of rice paddy in Taiwan is relatively low. Without considering the exclusion of protest samples and the fact that some respondents are actually willing to pay the price that may be negative, the total value of the general public and farmers in maintaining the biodiversity of rice paddy in Taiwan is about 11.19 billion NTD per year. If we consider the fact that some respondents are actually willing to pay the price may be negative and consider correcting the protest sample, the total value is 9.089 billion NTD and 13.692 billion NTD each year respectively. Farmers are the guardians of rice paddy biodiversity, if their evaluation of maintaining biodiversity is lower than the public, it will not be able to expect farmers to meet the standards expected by the public in maintaining rice paddy biodiversity. Therefore, this study suggests that the government should strengthen agricultural environmental education for farmers and increase related extension activities, so as to improve farmers' evaluation of protecting rice paddy biodiversity. Finally, in response to the protest responses and their reasons, this study also suggests that the government should strengthen the description of various budget uses and related policies and measures, improve the transparency of the use of related funds, and then improve the support of related policies.