感官、智能與精神障礙者婚姻狀況變化初探1905 vs. 2006

Changes in Marriage of the Sensorially, Intellectually and Mentally Disabled in Taiwan between 1905 and 2006

台灣身心障礙調查統計已有百年以上歷史，在過去百年來身心障礙者的婚姻狀況是否有所變化，是本研究想要探討的主題。本研究利用1905年台灣第一次臨時戶口調查中「盲」、「聾啞」、「白痴」和「瘋癲」，與2006年身心障礙者生活需求調查的視覺障礙、聽覺機能障礙、聲音與語言機能障礙、智能障礙、自閉症、慢性精神病患六種障別來做比較分析。研究結果發現：身心障礙者結婚比例一直都是比總人口的婚姻比例低，但女性障礙者的結婚比例則比男性障礙者高。儘管過去二十年外籍配偶大量增加，這情況仍然沒有改變。就障別來比較，婚姻比例變化最大的是精神障礙與智能障礙。精神障礙結婚比例由1905年的76.1%降為2006年的51.9%，而智能障礙由1905年的44.1%降為2006年的20.9%。造成婚姻比例改變的原因很多，但本研究因資料限制，只有討論個人經濟能力對婚姻狀況的可能影響。

This study compares and analyzes data from the Special Population Census of Formosa in 1905 and the Report on Disabled Citizens Lives and Demands Assessment Survey in 2006. The results show that the marriage rates of the disabled have always been lower than the country average, while the marriage rates of the female disabled have always been relatively higher than those of the male disabled. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in marriage rates of the mentally and intellectually disabled from 1905 to 2006. The marriage rate of the mentally disabled decreased from 76.1% to 51.9%, and that of the intellectually disabled decreased from 44.1% to 20.9%. The reasons for these changes are many, but the current study focuses mainly on the influence of personal income.