臨床心理師的工作壓力、專業認同及其對心理困擾、離職意圖及轉業意圖之影響

Work Stress and Professional Identity in Taiwanese Clinical Psychologist and the Effects on Psychological Distress, Turnover Intention, and Intention to Change Professions

研究目的：瞭解台灣臨床心理師工作壓力及專業認同的現況，並探討工作壓力、專業認同對臨床心理師的心理困擾、離職意圖與轉業意圖的影響。研究方法：採橫斷式研究方法，以電子問卷方式進行全面調查。共取得有效問卷139份。研究結果：臨床心理師的工作壓力屬於中等程度，其中「工作負荷」、「資源缺乏」及「組織與行政」得分最高；臨床心理師的專業認同在中上程度。參與研究的臨床心理師中，23.0%有心理困擾；34.5%具有離職意圖；25.2%有轉業意圖。邏輯迴歸分析後發現工作壓力對臨床心理師的心理困擾（OR=1.10,p<.001）、離職意圖（OR=1.08,p<.001）有顯著影響；專業認同對心理困擾（OR=0.94,p<.05）、離職意圖（OR=0.94,p<.05）及轉業意圖（OR=0.90,p<.001）皆有顯著影響。研究結論：工作壓力是造成臨床心理師考慮離職的原因之一，但不會造成轉換專業的意圖。臨床心理師的專業認同才是穩定留任臨床工作（不離職、不轉業）的重要因素。建議未來進一步釐清臨床心理師專業認同形成的歷程及影響因子。

Purpose:The aims of the study were to survey work stress and professional identity in Taiwanese clinical psychologists and to explore their effects on psychological distress, turnover intention, and the intention to change professions. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional research method. Data were collected online with a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of personal information, work stress scale, professional identify scale, and psychological distress scale. In addition, two yes/no style questions were used to assess participants’ intentions of turnover and change professions, respectively. Results: A total of 139 participants were recruited in the study. Results showed that Taiwanese clinical psychologists had a moderate level of work stress. The main stressors were “workload,” “a lack of resources,” and “organizational structure and processes.” The professional identity of participants was found to be at a high-intermediate level. Among the participants, 23% suffered from psychological distress, 34.5% reported an intention of turnover and 25.2% reported an intention to change professions. Logistic regression analyses showed that work stress had significant effects on psychological distress (OR=1.10, p<.001) and turnover intention (OR=1.08, p<.001). Professional identity had effects on psychological distress (OR=0.94, p<.05), turnover intention (OR=0.94, p<.05), and intention to change professions (OR=0.90, p<.001). Conclusion: Work stress is an indicator for turnover intention but not for the intention to change professions. Professional identity is an important factor for working steadily in the field of clinical psychology (not quitting the present job and not changing professions). Further investigations into both the process and the predictors for professional identity in clinical psychologists are recommended.