探討自殺遺族認定之不同自殺成因歸類及其心理衝擊歷程與因應模式

Classification of main reasons for suicide identified by suicide survivors and their psychological impact and response patterns in Taiwan

本文之研究目的有二：(1)將自殺遺族認定之自殺死亡者的主要成因予以歸類；(2)探討不同自殺成因歸類其遺族之心理衝擊歷程及後續因應模式。本研究蒐集過去國內碩士論文研究者之自殺遺族訪談逐字稿（共20篇），對上述質性資料進行綜合與分析。結果發現，認定不同自殺成因者之遺族，在自殺事件發生當下的衝擊階段，多會受到其所認定之自殺成因而出現不同的反應；自殺遺族的後續因應模式則多受到自殺遺族的個人特質及經驗、自殺遺族與自殺者的關係及情感連繫程度、或社會環境因素之影響，受其認定之自殺成因的影響較小。由此可知，針對自殺事件發生初期，對於自殺遺族之關懷策略及自殺防治政策，應考量其認定之不同自殺成因進行設計。對自殺遺族後續復原歷程而言，文化、媒體、及宗教對自殺之詮釋可能造成的負面影響應更獲重視。

The purposes of this study were twofold: (1) to classify the main suicide causes of suicides as identified by survivors; (2) to explore the psychological impact of the victims’ reasons for suicide on the survivors and their ensuing response patterns. We collected 20 transcripts of interviews with suicide survivors. During the post-suicide shock period, most survivors displayed various responses to the main causes they identified as the primary reason for the suicide. However, the response patterns were influenced by other factors, including as survivors’ personal traits and experiences, the relationship and degree of emotional connection between the survivor and the suicide victim, and social and environmental factors. In conclusion, the care strategy for survivors and suicide prevention policies should be designed to address the main reasons that resulted in the suicide as identified by survivors. Moreover, these strategies might need to address possible negative effects of cultural, media, and religious interpretations of suicide on the recovery process of survivors.